emission

PTZ-343 is a potent enhancer of Luminol, acting as an electron transfer mediator. It reacts with HRP-II to release HRP and a PTZ-343 radical, which then oxidizes luminol anions to induce light emission.

CY5-SE Ditriethylamine salt is a reactive dye for the labeling of amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. Excitation (nm):649, Emission (nm): 670.

FFN 511 hydrochloride is a fluorescent pseudo-neurotransmitters (FFNs) targeting neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMA T2).FFN 511 hydrochloride inhibits the binding of 5-hydroxytryptamine to VMA T2-containing membranes and can be used for labelling of dopaminergic nerve endings in acute slices of in vivo cortex-striatum. The excitation and emission maxima are 406 and 501 nm, respectively.

Benperidol (Anquil) is a butanone analog with antipsychotic and stabilizing properties, and has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors.Benperidol can be used in positron emission tomography (PET) scanning to measure D(2) dopamine receptor binding in vivo.Benperidol has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors in vivo.Benperidol has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors in vivo.

resorufin galactopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate for β-galactosidase.After cleavage by β-galactosidase, the fluorescent portion of resorufin is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify β-galactosidase activity. It has an excitation light of 570 and an emission light of 580 nm.

T807 (AV-1451) is a novel tracer of tau positron emission tomography (PET).

HG-10-102-01 is an inhibitor of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2, IC50 of 20.3 nM).

DPA-714 is a high-affinity translocator protein (TSPO) ligand (Ki=7 nM) designed with a fluorine atom, allowing labeling with fluorine-18 for in vivo imaging via positron emission tomography. [18F]DPA-714 successfully enables specific imaging of inflammation in various neuroinflammation models and a brain tumor model.

Ac-DEVD-AFC, a fluorogenic substrate, undergoes cleavage by caspase-3, producing a blue fluorescent compound upon excitation at 400 nm, which can be quantified at an emission maximum of 505 nm.

CELT-327 is a potent, selective fluorescent hA2B/A3 adenosine receptor antagonist, exhibiting K_i values of 35.6 nM at A2B and 45.7 nM at A3 receptors. It efficiently labels HCT116 cells expressing A2B adenosine receptors in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating rapid, uniform spread and integration of fluorescence within cell monolayers. In live HCT116 spheroids, it achieves consistent staining throughout, penetrating even the deepest layers. As a fluorescent adenosine receptor probe, CELT-327 is ideal for applications in fluorescence binding assays, live cell imaging, flow cytometry, and fluorescence polarization assays, serving as an effective alternative to GPCR radiolabeling ligands. Its excitation and emission peaks are at 589 nm and 616 nm, respectively, making it suitable for TR-FRET assays as an acceptor dye, particularly in combination with the CoraFlor1 TR-FRET donor.

Diacylglycerols (DAG) are generated through the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and function as lipid second messengers by activating protein kinase C (PKC) and modulating cell growth and apoptosis. Additionally, they act as precursors for DAG kinases in the synthesis of phosphatidic acid, a crucial lipid messenger. The compound 1-NBD-decanoyl-2-decanoyl-sn-glycerol incorporates a nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) fluorophore at the ω-end of its terminal decanoyl chain, using the structure of 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol as a model for diacylglycerol. This molecule is expected to exhibit excitation and emission peaks at roughly 470/541 nm, paralleling those of various NBD-labeled phospholipids. Fluorescently labeled lipids, such as this, are instrumental in exploring their interactions with proteins, their uptake by cells and liposomes, and in developing assays for lipid metabolism research.

MK-9470 is a selective, high-affinity reverse agonist and is also a fluorine 18 labeled positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer [(18) F]. The MK-9470 has been used to image cannabinoid receptor type 1 in healthy and ill human brains.

BOP-JF549 is a fluorescent dual α9β1/α4β1 integrin inhibitor. Comprises BOP conjugated to Janelia Fluor® 549. Fluorogenic: fluoresces only once bound to integrins, enabling hassle-free no-wash experiments. Bright and photostable, enabling live cell tracking of integrin receptors over long time-course experiments. Excitation maximum = 549 nm; emission maximum = 571 nm.

Bicisate dihydrochloride is usually complex with technetium Tc99m to measure cerebral blood flow with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Enteropeptidase fluorogenic substrate is a substrate for enteropeptidase that contains a 7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (AFC) moiety. Enteropeptidase is a serine protease expressed in the proximal small intestine of higher animals that converts inactive trypsinogen to active trypsin by endoproteolytic cleavage. Enteropeptidase recognizes the highly specific amino acid sequence DDDDK on the fluorogenic substrate and cleaves after the lysine residue, releasing the AFC moiety. Enteropeptidase activity is quantified by fluorescent detection of AFC, which displays excitation/emission spectra of 380/500 nm.

BODIPY-C12 Ceramide (B12Cer) is a fluorescently-tagged form of C12 ceramide, with excitation/emission maxima at 505/540 nm, respectively. It is a fluorescently-labeled sphingolipid and has been utilized for quantifying acid sphingomyelinase activity in the plasma of patients with Niemann-Pick disease.

Fet F-18 is an amino acid analog radiolabeled with fluorine F-18, a positron-emitting isotope, can be used as a tracer in positron emission tomography (PET).

WUN 73823, also known as N,N'-bis-(acid-PEG3)-Benzothiazole Cy5 is a PEG derivative containing a cyanine dye with excitation/emission maximum 649/667 nm and a free terminal carboxyl acid. Terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of of activators (e.g. EDC, or DCC) to form a stable amide bond. The hydophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media. This product has no formal name at the moment. For the convenience of communication, a temporary code name was therefore proposed according to MedKoo Chemical Nomenclature (see web page: https://www.medkoo.com/page/naming).

CycLuc3 is a type of mutant firefly luciferase variant with enhanced light emission.

EC-17 (disodium salt), a folate receptor alpha (FRα) targeting contrast agent, exhibits fluorescent properties within the visible light spectrum, characterized by peak excitation and emission wavelengths of 470/520 nm, respectively.

Fluoroethylnormemantine hydrochloride, a Memantine derivative, functions as an antagonist for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It can also serve as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, specifically as [18F]-Fluoroethylnormemantine hydrochloride. Notably, this compound displays a range of effects, including anti-amnesic, neuroprotective, antidepressant-like, and fear-attenuating properties.

8pyDTZ is a pyridyl diphenylterazine (DTZ) analog and an ATP-independent pyridyl substrate of LumiLuc luciferase, exhibiting spectrally shifted emission and improved water solubility, suitable for in vivo luminescence imaging.

MK-6240 is a tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that exhibits high specificity and selectivity in binding to NFTs.

Pentixafor is a peptide that selectively targets the CXCR4 receptor and can be labeled with Gallium-68 (68Ga) for visualization using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging [1].

FITC-labeled ODN 1585 (sodium) effectively induces IFN and TNFα production and serves to assess CpG ODN cellular uptake and localization via confocal laser-scanning microscopy [excitation 495 nm, emission 520 nm] or flow cytometry.

FITC-labeled ODN TTAGGG (sodium) is an inhibitory oligonucleotide that antagonizes TLR9, AIM2, and cGAS, aiding in assessing CpG ODN cellular uptake and localization through confocal laser-scanning microscopy (excitation at 495 nm, emission at 520 nm) or flow cytometry.

QM-FN-SO3 is a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrable, near-infrared (NIR) probe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) activity, specifically designed for the detection of Aβ plaques. It exhibits ultra-high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, binding affinity, and high-performance NIR emission, making it suitable for in vivo detection of Aβ plaques [1].

GSHtracer is a ratiometric probe designed for the quantification of glutathione (GSH) concentrations. This probe demonstrates a measurable shift in its excitation-emission profile, specifically from 520/580 nm to 430/510 nm, upon binding with GSH.

JZP-MA-11 is a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that specifically targets the endocannabinoid α β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) enzyme. It exhibits selective inhibition of ABHD6 with an IC50 value of 126 nM and can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The compound, labeled with [18F], shows promising potential for preclinical evaluation in mice and nonhuman primates (NHP) as a tool for investigating brain ABHD6 activity [1].

Basic Blue 20, a red-emitting DNA stain, exhibits relatively narrow excitation and emission spectra, peaking at 633 nm and 677 nm, respectively. Furthermore, it is characterized by its high resistance to photobleaching [1].

7-Azido-4-methylcoumarin (AzMC) is a coumarin fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide (H2S).1 AzMC selectively fluoresces in the presence of H2S over a panel of reactive nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur species. AzMC displays excitation/emission maxima of 340/445 nm, respectively. |1. Chen, B., Li, W., Lv, C., et al. Fluorescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide in living cells and cardiac tissues. Analyst 138(3), 946-951 (2013).

TNO211 is a bioactive peptide that functions as a highly soluble fluorogenic substrate for select Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)—specifically MMP-2, 8, 12, 13, and 14. Incorporating a cleavable Gly-Leu bond and an EDANS/DABCYL fluorophore/quencher pair, TNO211 enables sensitive detection of MMP activity through fluorescence assays, with an absorption/emission profile at 340/490 nm. It is particularly effective in analyzing MMPs in culture media from endothelial cells as well as untreated synovial fluid from patients, highlighting its utility in investigations of MMP-associated cellular behaviors, including proliferation, migration (adhesion/dispersion), differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and host defense.

4-Methylumbelliferyl caprylate (MUCAP) is a fluorogenic substrate for C8 esterase. MUCAP is cleaved by C8 esterase to release the fluorescent moiety 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU). 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nm, increasing as pH decreases.

ThioGlo1 is a thiol-reactive fluorescent probe.1,2,3Upon reaction with a thiol group, a fluorescent adduct is formed that displays excitation/emission maxima of 384/513 nm, respectively.2,3It also reacts with sulfite to form a fluorescent adduct with similar spectral characteristics, and interference from sulfite during thiol determination must be accounted for using secondary methods. ThioGlo1 has been used to monitor the oxidative stability of beer. 1.Yang, J.-R., and Langmuir, M.E.Synthesis and properties of a maleimide fluorescent thiol reagent derived from a naphthopyranoneJ. Heterocycl. Chem.28(5)1177-1180(1991) 2.Hoff, S., Larsen, F.S., Anderson, M.L., et al.Quantification of protein thiols using ThioGlo 1 fluorescent derivatives and HPLC separationAnalyst138(7)2096-2103(2013) 3.Lund, M.N., and Andersen, M.L.Detection of thiol groups in beer and their correlation with oxidative stabilityJ. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem.69(3)163-169(2011)

Altanserin can binds to the 5-HT2A receptor. Labeled with the isotope fluorine-18 it is used as a radioligand in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the brain.

FITC-labeled ODN 2395 (sodium), a class C oligodeoxynucleotide and TLR9 agonist, facilitates the assessment of CpG ODN cellular uptake and localization via confocal laser-scanning microscopy [excitation 495 nm, emission 520 nm] or flow cytometry.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-N,N'-diacetylchitobioside (4-μU-(GlcNAc)2) is a fluorogenic substrate for chitinases and chitobiosidases. 4-μU-(GlcNAc)2 is cleaved by chitinases and chitobiosidases to release the fluorescent moiety 4-μU. 4-μU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high pH (7.12-10.3), respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nm, increasing as pH decreases.

Bicisate is usually complex with technetium Tc99m for its usage as a tracer to measure cerebral blood flow with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

M1 ligand 1 (compound 3b-b) is a N-desmethyl analog of the arecoline derivative, acting as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 ligand and usable as a PET (positron emission tomography) radiotracer [1].

LMI-1195 is a 18F-labeled ligand for the norepinephrine transporter. LMI-1195 is used for mapping cardiac nerve terminals in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET).

Altanserin tartrate is a compound that binds to the 5-HT2A receptor. Labeled with the isotope fluorine-18 it is used as a radioligand in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the brain.

LysoFP-NH2 is the fluorescent form of the lysosomal turn-on fluorescent probe for carbon monoxide (CO) lysoFP-NO2 . LysoFP-NH2 is formed when lysoFP-NO2 reacts with CO. It displays excitation/emission maxima of 440/528 nm, respectively.

Enteropeptidase fluorogenic substrate is a substrate for enteropeptidase that contains a 7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (AFC) moiety. Enteropeptidase is a serine protease expressed in the proximal small intestine of higher animals that converts inactive trypsinogen to active trypsin by endoproteolytic cleavage.1,2Enteropeptidase recognizes the highly specific amino acid sequence DDDDK on the fluorogenic substrate and cleaves after the lysine residue, releasing the AFC moiety. Enteropeptidase activity is quantified by fluorescent detection of AFC, which displays excitation/emission spectra of 380/500 nm.3

Suc-YVAD-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-1. Upon enzymatic cleavage by caspase-1, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify caspase-1 activity. AMC displays excitation/emission maxima of 340-360/440-460 nm, respectively.

FAM-DEALAHypYIPMDDDFQLRSF is a 5,6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) labeled HIF-1α peptide. It binds with high affinity to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein (KD= 3 nM). Can be used to assess ligand binding to VHL in a direct fluorescence polarization (FP) displacement assay. Excitation/emission maxima (λ) = 485/520 nm. This product is a longer peptide version of FAM-DEALA-Hyp-YIPD.

DCFBC F-18 is a radioconjugate containing a low molecular weight tracer, DCFBC, specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and labeled with the positron-emitting isotope F 18 with potential prostate tumor imaging upon positron emission tomogra

Ac-LETD-AFC is a fluorescent substrate specifically cleaved by caspase-8 and can be used to quantify caspase activity by fluorescence detection of free AFC.Ac-LETD-AFC has an excitation wavelength of 400 nm and an emission wavelength of 505 nm.

ML 10 is is a [18F] positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer that accumulates in cells presenting apoptosis-specific membrane alterations. [18F]ML-10 allows for the detection of apoptotic cells located in atherosclerotic plaques.

Coumarin boronic acid pinacolate ester (CBE) is a more soluble form of coumarin boronic acid that can be used to detect peroxynitrite , hypochlorous acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Peroxynitrite oxidizes CBE into the fluorescent product 7-hydroxycoumarin (COH), which displays excitation/emission maxima of 332/470 nm, respectively.

Fluoroethylnormemantine, a derivative of Memantine, acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and can function as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer known as [18F]-fluoroethylnormemantine. This compound displays anti-amnesic, neuroprotective, antidepressant-like, and fear-attenuating properties.