mutations

Erastin is an ferroptosis activator that acts on the mitochondrial VDAC in a ROS- and iron-dependent manner. Erastin has anti-tumor activity and acts selectively on tumor cells with RAS-carcinogenic mutations. The product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be dispensed now.

PLX-4720, a potent and selective inhibitor of B-Raf (V600E) with an IC50 of 13 nM, is equally effective against c-Raf-1 (Y340D and Y341D mutations).

Etravirine (R165335) is a diarylpyrimidine non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Etravirine is designed to be active against HIV isolates with mutations that confer resistance to the two most commonly prescribed first-generation NNRTIs. It can bind the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) in multiple conformations, both for native and mutant RT, thereby blocking the enzymatic activity of RT.

Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide is widely used as a catalyst in rubber-processing techniques, it possesses a medium-degree toxicity and causes point mutations in strains TA 100 and TA 1535 (Salmonella typhimurium LT 2).

Dasatinib monohydrate (BMS-354825 Monohydrate) is an orally bioavailable synthetic small molecule-inhibitor of SRC-family protein-tyrosine kinases. Dasatinib monohydrate binds to and inhibits the growth-promoting activities of these kinases. Apparently, because of its less stringent binding affinity for the BCR-ABL kinase, Dasatinib monohydrate has been shown to overcome the resistance to imatinib of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells harboring BCR-ABL kinase domain point mutations.

Chlorambucil (CB-1348) is an orally-active antineoplastic aromatic nitrogen mustard. Chlorambucil alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.

4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) is a chemical carcinogen that induces mutations in bacteria, fungi, and animals through the formation of large amounts of purine adducts.

Ataluren (PTC124) is a novel, orally administered drug that targets nonsense mutations. Ataluren is approved for use by the European Medicines Agency to treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in patients aged 5 years and older who are able to walk.

Erlotinib (NSC-718781) is an EGFR inhibitor (IC50: 2 nM). It is used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Gefitinib (ZD1839) is an EGFR first-generation inhibitor with oral activity that inhibits the EGFR 19 Del and L858R mutations. Gefitinib has antitumor activity and is used for the treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancers. Gefitinib administration RESULTS in the development of the EGFR C797S resistance mutation.

Orphenadrine is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that inhibits clonal HERG channels in a concentration-dependent manner, producing an IC of 0.85 μM in HEK cells.Orphenadrine is an antagonist of central and peripheral muscarinic receptors. Attenuation is blocked by mutations in pore residues Y652 or F656. Orphenadrine has antispasmodic, analgesic, and anticholinergic activity and protects against glutamatergic neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.Orphenadrine has inhibitory effects on sodium channels and can be used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Tepotinib hydrochloride(1 : x) is an orally bioavailable, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) TKI developed mainly for selected NSCLC patients with METex14 skipping mutations.

RMC-7977 is a highly selective inhibitor of the active (GTP-bound) forms of KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS with anticancer activity for the study of solid tumors with KRAS G12C mutations.

Merodantoin is an apoptosis inducer and triggers cell apoptosis associated with ROS-dependent autophagy. Merodantoin targets cancer cells expressing KRAS mutations involved in Akt-dependent ROS production.

Rineterkib (ERK-IN-1) is an inhibitor of RAF and ERK1/2 activating mutations in the MAPK pathway.

Ensartinib (X-396) is a potent dual ALK MET inhibitor with IC50 values of <0.4 nM for ALK and 0.74 nM for MET.

NVP-BVU972 is a selective and potent Met inhibitor with IC50 of 14 nM.

Alflutinib (ASK120067) is an inhibitor of EGFR, and its targets including EGFR activating mutations and T790M, thus leading to tumor growth inhibition.

Almonertinib (HS-10296) is an inhibitor specifically targeting EGFR activation mutations and the resistant EGFR T790M mutation, exhibiting limited activity against wild-type EGFR.

Bafetinib (INNO-406) (INNO-406) is an effective and specific dual Bcr-Abl Lyn inhibitor (IC50: 5.8 19 nM), and no inhibition of the phosphorylation of the T315I mutant and less effective to c-Kit and PDGFR.

BLU-945 is a potent, highly selective, reversible, and orally active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor effective against EGFR with L858R, exon 19 deletion, T790M, and C797S mutations. It is used in lung cancer research, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

K-Ras-IN-1, a K-Ras inhibitor, is characterized by its chemical formula C20H19ClN4O2S and is also known as N-[(1S)-3-cyclopropyl-1-[(6-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (compound [18, dashboard 819041] in brackets).

Tuxobertinib (BDTX-189) is a potent and selective inhibitor of allosteric EGFR and HER2 oncogenic mutations, with KDs of 0.2, 0.76, 13, and 1.2 nM for EGFR, HER2, BLK, and RIPK2, respectively, and exhibits anticancer activity.

Oncrasin 1 is a potent inhibitor of anticancer that kills various human lung cancer cells with K-Ras mutations at low or submicromolar concentrations

Relugolix (RVT-601) is an orally available, non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)) antagonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Relugolix competitively binds to and blocks the GnRH receptor in the anterior pituitary gland, which both prevents GnRH binding to the GnRH receptor and inhibits the secretion and release of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In males, the inhibition of LH secretion prevents the release of testosterone from Leydig cells in the testes. Since testosterone is required to sustain prostate growth, reducing testosterone levels may inhibit hormone-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation.

ERK-IN-3 (ASN007 free base) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of ERK. It inhibits ERK1/2 with low single-digit nM IC50 values. It can be used for the research of cancers driven by RAS mutations.

Ibiglustat (GZ402671) is a potent and selective Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor and ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor. Ibiglustat blocks the formation of glucosylceramide (GL-1), a key intermediate in the synthesis of GL-3. Ibiglustat is potentially useful for treating Fabry disease. Fabry disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, which results in abnormal tissue deposits of a particular fatty substance called globotriaosylceramide (GL-3 or Gb3) throughout the body.

Almonertinib mesylate is an irreversible inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase with high selectivity for EGFR-sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. Almonertinib mesylate can be used in the non-small cell lung cancer studies.

Alflutinib mesylate (AST2818 mesylate) ,is an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits EGFR mutations, especially T790M.

Quizartinib, also know as AC220 and AC010220, is an orally available FLT3 / STK1 inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Class III receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AC220 selectively inhibits class III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R/FMS), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR/KIT), and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), resulting in inhibition of ligand-independent leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mutations in FLT3, resulting in constitutive activation, are the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and occur in approximately one-third of AML cases.

WSD0922-FU is a blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetrable selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and various EGFR mutations, including but not limited to the EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) mutant form, with potential antineoplastic activity. WSD0922-FU is able to penetrate the BBB and specifically targets, binds to and inhibits EGFR and specific EGFR mutations, which prevents EGFR/EGFR mutant-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR/EGFR mutant-expressing tumor cells. Compared to other EGFR inhibitors that are not able to penetrate the BBB, WSD0922-FU may have therapeutic benefits in brain tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM) and metastatic CNS tumors.

DGY-08-097 is a novel HCV NS3 degrader, reducing susceptibility to resistance mutations, potently inhibiting HCV in a cellular infection model, exhibiting the most potent degradation (DC50 of 50nM at 4h) of HCV NS3.

Corrector C18 is a class I mutation corrector which rescues CFTR mutations in nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) by modulating proteostasis.

Abivertinib, also known as AC0010 and Avitinib, is a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and BTK Inhibitor that demonstrated clinical efficacy and manageable adverse events (AEs). Abivertinib inhibits cell proliferation, reduces colony-forming capacity, and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in AML cells, especially those harboring FLT3-ITD mutations. Abivertinib was also found to be more sensitive than ibrutinib in treating AML. Abivertinib may be a promising novel agent for AML, with potential for combination treatment with HHT.

BVB-808 is a selective Jak2 type 1 inhibitor. Janus kinases are critical components of signaling pathways that regulate hematopoiesis. Mutations of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase JAK2 are found in many BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Preclinical results support that JAK2 inhibitors could show efficacy in treating chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. JAK2 has also been postulated to play a role in BCR-ABL signal transduction. Therefore, inhibitors of JAK2 kinases are turning into therapeutic strategies for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

IHMT-IDH1-053 (compound 16) is an irreversible inhibitor highly selective for the IDH1 R132H mutant, with an IC50 of 4.7 nM. It preferentially targets IDH1 mutants over wild-type IDH1 and IDH2, in both their wild-type and mutant forms. In 293T cells transfected with the IDH1 R132H mutant, IHMT-IDH1-053 reduces 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) production with an IC50 of 28 nM. The compound binds to the R132H protein at an allosteric site near the NADPH binding region, forming a covalent linkage with Cys269. Additionally, IHMT-IDH1-053 inhibits the growth of both the HT1080 cell line and primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells harboring IDH1 R132 mutations [1].

EGFR/HER2-IN-5 is an irreversible, orally active dual inhibitor of EGFR activity (IC50: 0.6 nM). EGFR/HER2-IN-4 shows potent EGFR kinase inhibitory activity against L858R and T790M mutations. EGFR/HER2-IN-4 exhibits significant anti-tumour effects in vivo and can be used to study lung cancer.

EGFR-IN-50 is a potent EGFR inhibitor targeting L858R resistance mutations, acting on TEL-EGFR-L858R-BaF3 and TEL-EGFR-T790M-L858R-BaF3 with GI50 values of 8 nM and 6.03 μM, respectively. EGFR-IN-50 exhibits anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. .

KRAS inhibitor-3, an efficacious inhibitor of both wild-type (WT) and oncogenic KRAS mutations, exhibits high-affinity binding (K D: 0.28 μM for KRAS WT, 0.63 μM for KRAS G12C, 0.37 μM for KRAS G12D, and 0.74 μM for KRAS Q61H). Additionally, it impedes the interaction between KRAS and Raf, highlighting its potential as a targeted therapeutic agent in KRAS-mutant cancers.

Tetrahydro-11-deoxy cortisol (THS) is the primary urinary metabolite of 11-deoxycortisol. Urinary excretion of THS is elevated in patients with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, a condition resulting from mutations in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP11B1. Urinary levels of THS are also elevated in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) but are higher in patients with ACC compared to ACA.

AIC-292 is a potent reverse transcriptase inhibitor with well tolerated in different cell lines. In addition, activity of AIC292 could be demonstrated against a broad panel of wild-type HIV-1 group. AIC292 also retained activity against viruses harboring

Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) is an orally active, highly selective, and irreversible third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with potent activity against both common activation EGFR and resistance T790M mutations. Additionally, Rezivertinib demonstrates excellent central nervous system (CNS) penetration and exhibits antitumor activity [1][2].

(R)-Pirtobrutinib ((R)-LOXO-305) is the less active enantiomer of Pirtobrutinib, a highly selective, non-covalent, next-generation BTK inhibitor that effectively inhibits diverse BTK C481 substitution mutations [1].

Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside chloride) is a plant-derived anthocyanin, an inhibitor of NO and H274Y mutations, and an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.Cyanidin 3- sambubioside chloride has anti-inflammatory properties. sambubioside chloride has antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiviral activities and inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which can be used in the study of viral infections and cardiovascular diseases.

Glycidamide is a carcinogen and metabolite of acrylamide that induces DNA adduct formation and mutations.

Talacotuzumab (JNJ 56022473) is an IgG1 fully humanized CD123 neutralizing monoclonal antibody containing a modified Fc structure. Talacotuzumab has a high affinity for CD123, CD32b c, CD16-158F and CD16-158V, with KD of 0.43 nM, 188 nM, 46 nM and 16.8 nM, respectively. Talacotuzumab inhibits IL-3 signaling in target cells by inhibiting IL-3 binding to CD123. Talacotuzumab induces mutations in the Fc region to increase affinity for CD16 (FCγriiia), thereby enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Talacotuzumab inhibits leukemia cell growth in xenografted mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

NSC405640 is a highly effective compound that inhibits the interaction between MDM2 and p53 proteins. Furthermore, it can restore the structural integrity of p53 molecules affected by mutations. Notably, NSC405640 exhibits selectivity in inhibiting the growth of cell lines that possess the normal, unmutated form of the p53 protein [1].

Ensartinib hydrochloride (X-396 dihydrochloride) is a potent new-generation ALK inhibitor with high activity against CNS metastases and a broad range of known crizotinib-resistant ALK mutations. It potently inhibits both wild-type ALK and ALK variants (C1156Y, F1174, G1202R, L1196M, S1206R, and T1151 mutants) with in vitro IC50s of <4 nM.

Vevorisertib trihydrochloride (ARQ 751 trihydrochloride) is a selective and potent inhibitor of pan-AKT and AKT1-E17K mutations, inhibiting AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Vevorisertib trihydrochloride is used in the study of hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced solid tumours.

Rezatapopt is an antineoplastic agent designed to inhibit solid tumors harboring p53 mutations [1].