vitamin

α-Vitamin E (Dexrabeprazole Sodium) is a naturally-occurring form of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties.

Vitamin B6 is a component of some coenzymes in human body, which is involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, especially related to amino acid metabolism.Clinical application of vitamin B6 in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy and radiation sic

Vitamin K2 (Menatetrenone) is a menaquinone compound and form of vitamin K2 with potential antineoplastic activity. Menatetrenone may act by modulating the signaling of certain tyrosine kinases, thereby affecting several transcription factors including c-myc and c-fos. This agent inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Vitamin K4 (Menadiol Diacetate) is a vitamin medicine for the treatment of blood coagulation disorders that caused by the lack of VK4.

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) a fat-soluble, naturally occurring vitamin with antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.

9-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (9-cis-Retinyl palmitate) is a 9-cis isomer resulting from the interaction of vitamin A palmitate in corn flakes. It exhibits a biological activity of 26% compared to all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, which is known to be the most biologically active form of vitamin A.

Vitamin B15 is a natural product and can used be as an agent stimulating cellular respiration, and is an immune-correcting agent.

Vitamin B15 (Pangamic Acid) hemicalcium, a substance naturally ubiquitous in plant seeds, serves as a stimulant for cellular respiration and contains D-gluconodimethyl amino acetic acid. This compound also acts as an immune-correcting agent [1] [2] and is applicable in treating a wide range of diseases.

Vitamin K (Kephton) has blood coagulation action and is important for coagulation factors, matrix-Gla protein, and osteocalcin.

Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2 (Calciferol)) is a derivative of ergosterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond with a strong inhibitory effect against bladder tumor promotion by sodium saccharin, and it induces cell differentiation in leukemia cells. Vitamin D2 is an inhibitor of DNA Polymerase.

Vitamin D3 octanoate, an ester derived from vitamin D3, is commonly known as cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol is a naturally occurring form of vitamin D with notable properties such as inducing cell differentiation and impeding cancer cell proliferation.

Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) , a naturally occurring form of vitamin D, activates an H305F/H397Y mutant vitamin D receptor (VDR).

13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (13-cis-Retinyl palmitate), a derivative of vitamin A palmitate found in corn flakes, is the 13-cis isomer exhibiting 75% of the biological activity of all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, which is the most active form of vitamin A [1].

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) is the hydrochloride salt form of thiamine, a vitamin essential for aerobic metabolism, cell growth, transmission of nerve impulses and acetylcholine synthesis. Upon hydrolysis, Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) is phosphorylated by thiamine diphosphokinase to form active thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), also known as cocarboxylase. TPP is a coenzyme for many enzymatic activities involving fatty acid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.

D-Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with an antioxidant property. D-Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. D-Pantothenic acid is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.

L-Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a natural product that is a potent reducing agent and antioxidant. L-Ascorbic acid functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen. L-Ascorbic acid is used in the treatment of scurvy.

Methylcobalamin (Brassinolide) is one active form of vitamin B12 which can directly participate in homocysteine metabolism. It is used to treat some nutritional diseases and other diseases in clinic, such as Alzheimer's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Thiamine monochloride (Vitamin B1) is an essential vitamin with erythropoietic, glucose-regulatory, antioxidant, and mood-regulatory properties.Thiamine monochloride inhibits lead-induced lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing lead poisoning.Thiamine monochloride plays an important role in the production of energy by the cells that ingest the food, and enhances normal Thiamine monochloride plays an important role in the energy production of ingested food cells and enhances normal neuronal activity.

Niacin (Nicotinic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B family, which occurs in many animal and plant tissues, with antihyperlipidemic activity. Niacin is converted to its active form niacinamide, which is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form, NADP.

Retinol (Alphalin) and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

Biotin (Vitamin H) is a water-soluble B-vitamin and is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids.

D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E Acetate) is hydrolyzed to d-alpha-tocopherol (VE) and absorbed in the small intestine.

Calcifediol (U 32070E)(Ki of 3.9 μM), a major circulating metabolite of vitamin D3, works as a competitive inhibitor. It (ED50=2 nM)also inhibits PTH secretion and mRNA.

Folic acid (Vitamin B9)(Vitamin M; Vitamin B9) is indispensable for the production and maintenance of new cells, for DNA/RNA synthesis.

Retinoic acid (Tretinoin), a metabolite of vitamin A, is a natural agonist of the retinoic acid receptor RAR and inhibits RARα/β/γ (IC50=14 nM). Retinoic acid induces cellular differentiation, reduces cellular proliferation, and inhibits tumorigenesis.

Menadione (Vitamin K3) is a synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.

All-trans-retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde) is a one of the major vitamin A metabolites in the retina. All-trans-RAL is regenerated to the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal in physiological conditions.

Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine derivative, is a nucleobase with various roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich ATP and NAD and FAD, and protein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA.

Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride is an injectable naturally occurring form of vitamin B12. It is used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia.

(±)-Pantothenic acid ((±)-Pantothenate), a B-vitamin, is essential for coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis in mammalian cells and exhibits protective activity against valproic acid (VPA)-induced neural tube defects (NTD) in CD-1 mice [1].

Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12a) is a naturally occurring, injectable form of vitamin B12 used as a dietary supplement to treat B12 deficiency, including pernicious anemia, and is known for its favorable adverse effect profile [1] [2].

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) is the 4-methanol form of vitamin B6 and is converted to pyridoxal 5-phosphate in the body. Although pyridoxine and vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading.

Pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6 phosphate) is the active form of vitamin B6 and a coenzyme for many pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP is involved in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions; it is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids and amino acid metabolites, and for the synthesis and/or catabolism of certain neurotransmitters, including the conversion of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and levodopa into dopamine. PLP can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency. Reduced levels of PLP in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction.

4-aminobenzoic acid is an organic acid with UV-absorbing and antifibrotic properties. When exposed to light, 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs UV light and releases excess energy through a photochemical reaction, which may cause DNA damage.4-aminobenzoic acid also increases oxygen uptake at the tissue level and may enhance monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity to promote serotonin degradation, which in excess may lead to fibrotic Changes.

Pyrithioxin (Encefabol) is a neurodynamic compound, combined with a short period of hyperventilation (HV) was applied in cerebral infarct patients with Hemiplegia. Pyrithioxin is regarded as an encephalotropic or nootropic compound and is reported to act mainly by producing decisive improvements in cerebral metabolism.

Ercalcitriol (1α,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D2) is an active metabolite of vitamin D2. Ercalcitriol, as the physiological activated form of vitamin D, can strengthen immunity via regulation of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) and defensin β-4 (DEFB4) genes in normal and transformed cells to combat pathogenic infections.

Ercalcidiol is a metabolite of vitamin D2 and can be used in monitoring vitamin D therapy.

Orotic acid (Vitamin B13) is an intermediate product in pyrimidine metabolism.

Riboflavin phosphate sodium (FMN) is the phosphate sodium salt form of riboflavin, a water-soluble and essential micronutrient that is the principal growth-promoting factor in naturally occurring vitamin B complexes. Riboflavin phosphate sodium is converted to 2 coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are necessary for energy production by aiding in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins and are required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production and for regulating human growth and reproduction.

Retinyl palmitate (Vitamin A palmitate) is a naturally-occurring phenyl analogue of retinol, with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities.

Menaquinone-4 (Vitamin K2) is a vitamin K compound used as a hemostatic agent, and also as adjunctive therapy for the pain of osteoporosis.

Leucocianidol is from dihydro-quercetin and a precursor to cyanidin and can be used to treat hemorroids.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) is the 4-methanol form of vitaminB6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.

Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1 nitrate) is an essential vitamin, and can enhance normal neuronal actives.

D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt (Calcium pantothenate), a kind of water soluble vitamin, can reduce the patulin content of the apple juice.

Riboflavin (E101) is a micronutrient that occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide.

Retinyl acetate (Vitamin A acetate) is a group of unsaturated nutritional hydrocarbons, that contains retinal, retinol, retinoic acid, and several provitamins A carotenoids, among which beta-carotene is the most important.

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Vitamin C sodium salt) is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.

γ-Tocotrienol (Plastochromanol) is one of the four types of tocotrienol, a type of vitamin E. Itl is also a radioprotector, antioxidant. It shows antitumor and antihypertensive effects in vivo.