myocardial

Enrasentan (sb-217242) is a mixed antagonist of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors that reduces blood pressure, prevents cardiac hypertrophy, and protects myocardial function.

Indacaterol (Onbrez; Arcapta) is a β2-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of indacaterol is as an Adrenergic beta2-Agonist.

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.1 It dose-dependently inhibits human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) in A549 cells (IC50 = 23 μM; LC50 = 865 μM).It inhibits replication of HAdV-3 and decreases HAdV-3-induced apoptosis. It has diverse protective effects for the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. In particular, it reduces myocardial infarct size in dogs when administered prior to coronary ligation and reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts.

NLRP3-IN-2 (5-Chloro-N-(p-sulfamoylphenethyl)-o-anisamide), an intermediate capable of synthesizing glibenclamide, exerts an inhibitory effect on the formation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in cardiomyocytes, limiting infarct size after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in mice and has no effect on metabolism.

Salbutamol (Albuterol) stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, thereby activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Salbutamol Sulfate is the sulfate salt of the short-acting sympathomimetic agent albuterol, a 1:1 racemic mixture of (R)-albuterol and (S)-albuterol with bronchodilator activity. Increased cAMP concentrations relax the bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, and reduce inflammatory cell mediator release, especially from mast cells. To a lesser extent, Salbutamol stimulates beta1-adrenergic receptors, thereby increasing the force and rate of myocardial contraction.

Alashinol G ((-)-Carinol) is isolated from the stem bark of Syringa pinnatifolia, a Mongolian folk medicine with anti-myocardial ischaemic effects.

Amp579 TFA is a novel adenosine A1/A2a receptor agonist that induces acute and delayed preconditioning against myocardial shock in vivo.

Sinitrodil (ITF-296) is a guanylate cyclase stimulant that may be used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris.

Delcasertib acetate is a selective δ protein kinase C (δPKC) inhibitor for the study of acute myocardial infarction and pain.

Vesnarinone HCl (OPC-8212 HCl) is an orally active phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor.Vesnarinone HCl modulates calcium and potassium ions, increasing calcium flux and decreasing potassium flux.Vesnarinone HCl is a new positive inotropic compound that enhances myocardial contractility and can be be used in heart failure studies.

Diaminohydroxypropanetetraacetic acid has been investigated for the treatment of Vascular Disease, Coronary Disease, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Restenosis, and Coronary Artery Disease, among others

Obestatin (rat) acetate is an endogenous ligand of G-protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39). Obestatin (rat) acetate has anti-inflammatory, anti-myocardial infarction and antioxidant properties. Obestatin (rat) acetate suppresses food intake, inhibits jejunal contraction, and decreases body-weight gain.

(2R,3S)-N-(4-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)butane-2-sulfonamide is an Apelin receptor agonist with an EC50 for Apelin receptors of 0.012 µM.(2R,3S)-N-(4-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(5- methylpyrimidin-2-yl)butane-2-sulfonamide is used in the treatment of heart failure, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction.

BIIB 722 Mesylate is a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitor with cardioprotective properties and can be used to study myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction.

MMPP is a novel VEGFR2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and potential anticancer activity, inhibits STAT3, inhibits angiogenesis via VEGFR2/AKT/ERK/NF-kappaB pathway, and can be used to alleviate myocardial injury.

Sulotroban potassium is a small molecule thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R) antagonist that can be used to study myocardial infarction and thrombosis.

An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.

Libenzapril (CGS 16617) is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used to study myocardial injury.

TGX-115 is a cell-permeable and potent inhibitor of the PI 3-K isoform p110β/p110δ (IC50 values of 0.13 μM for p110β and 0.63 μM for p110δ), an enzyme that regulates platelet adhesion and inhibits phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase, and can be used to treat coronary artery occlusion, stroke, acute coronary artery It can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as coronary occlusion, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, restenosis, atherosclerosis and unstable angina.

REV 5901A (REV 5901 HCl) is an orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor with antimicrobial activity that attenuates colon cancer growth in mice.REV 5901A has been used in studies of asthma and myocardial infarction. REV 5901A is used to study asthma and myocardial infarction.

Protectin D1 (Neuroprotectin D1) is a neuroprotectin produced by neuronal cells and is a potential cardioprotective agent.Protectin D1 attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Didesethyl chloroquine (Bisdesethylchloroquine) is an effective myocardial inhibitor. Didesethyl chloroquine (Bisdesethylchloroquine) is the main metabolite of the antimalarial drug chloroquine.

ABR-238901 is an oral, active S100A8/A9 blocker that inhibits the interaction of S100A8/A9 with its receptors RAGE(receptor for advanced glycation end products) and TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4). ABR-238901 has potential as a compound for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI).

SSR69071 is a potent, orally active, and selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. SSR69071 displays a higher affinity for human elastase (Ki =0.0168 nM) than for rat (Ki =3 nM), mouse (Ki =1.8 nM), and rabbit (Ki = 58 nM) elastases [2]. SSR69071 reduces myocardial infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury [1]. SSR69071 also has the potential for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, and several inflammatory diseases.

LUF6096 (CF-602) is a potent allosteric enhancer of the adenosine A3 receptor, exhibiting the capability to enhance agonist binding allosterically while demonstrating low orthosteric affinity across adenosine receptors. It displays protective effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Dazmegrel HCl is a platelet thromboxane inhibitor used in the study of myocardial infarction and arrhythmias.

AM-8123 is an orally available nonpeptide APJ agonist.AM-8123 reduces collagen load and improves cardiac function. AM-8123 ameliorates myocardial infarction in rats and can be used to study cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure.

GS-6201 (CVT-6883) is a selective antagonist of adenosine A2B receptor. GS-6201 shows high affinity and selectivity for the human adenosine A2B receptors with a Ki of 22 nM.

BAY 60-6583 is a potent, high-affinity adenosine A2B receptor agonist (EC50 = 3 nM) with affinity for A2B receptors that exceeds that for A1, A2A, and A3 receptors.BAY 60-6583 is cardioprotective in a model of myocardial ischemia.The Ki values for BAY 60-6583 binding to mouse, rabbit, and dog A2BAR were 750 nM, 340 nM, and 330 nM, respectively. The Ki values of BAY 60-6583 binding to A2BAR in mice, rabbits and dogs were 750 nM, 340 nM and 330 nM respectively.

Aprikalim (RP 52891) is an adenosine triphosphate potassium channel (KATP) opener that protects against nerve damage in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia.Aprikalim inhibits vasoconstriction and inhibits the elevation of [Ca2+]i during myocardial paralysis, and can be used to study cardiovascular disease.

Pobilukast (SKF 104353) is a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that blocks phosphatidylinositol metabolism and leukotriene D-induced thromboxane synthesis, and can be used to study limiting myocardial damage in excessively myocardial reperfusion-injured (MI/R) rats.CAS 번호128-63-53-4

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

Muscone (3-Methylcyclopentadecanone) is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk.

Nifedipine (Procardia) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agent. Nifedipine inhibits the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, causing dilatation of the main coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility. This agent also inhibits the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein which is overexpressed in some multi-drug resistant tumors and may improve the efficacy of some antineoplastic agents.

Licochalcone D may be a potential drug for human melanoma treatment by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and blocking cell migration and invasion. Licochalcone D has cardioprotective potential against myocardial is

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

Ranolazine (RS 43285-003) is a calcium uptake inhibitor via the sodium/calcium channel, used to treat chronic angina. It affects the sodium-dependent calcium channels during myocardial ischemia in rabbits by altering the intracellular sodium level.

AG-1478 (NSC-693255) (Tyrphostin AG-1478) is a selective EGFR inhibitor.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I/R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

Hyperoside (Hyperin) is a naturally occuring flavonoid compound which shows multiple bioactivities, including myocardial protection, anti-redox, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (Vastarel F) can improve myocardial glucose utilization by inhibiting fatty acid metabolism. Trimetazidine is the first cytoprotective anti-ischemic agent, also used as a vasodilator in ischemic heart disease or angina.

Polydatin (Piceid), the glycoside of Resveratrol, is originally isolated from the Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum. The compound can inhibit platelet aggregation and elevate the ratios of LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C. In the myocardial cell, white blood cell, vascular smooth muscle cell, and endothelial cell, Polydatin can inhibit ICAM-1 expression, elevate Ca2+, weaken white blood cell-endothelial cell adhesion, and activate KATP channels.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

Verapamil (CP-16533-1) is a calcium channel blocker and an orally active and effective inhibitor of P-gp. Verapamil inhibits CYP3A4 and can be used in studies about the treatment of high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, and angina research.

1. Ilexsaponin A (Ilexsaponin A1) shows protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury through anti-apoptotic pathway.

20(R)-Notoginsenoside R2 is a natural product with Promote blood circulation and improve myocardial ischemia

Cipepofol (HSK3486) is a GABAA receptor agonist with sedative properties and protective effects in a variety of cardiovascular diseases.Cipepofol activates the Sirtuin1 (Sirt1)/Nrf2 pathway and induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and can be used to study myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and octopus pot syndrome.

Aralosides possess protective effect against experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction, the mechanism of myocardial protection may be attributed to the amelioration of FFA metabolic deterioration and membrane peroxidation induced by oxygen free radi

Nangibotide, a TREM-1 receptor inhibitor, modulates the innate immune response and has demonstrated the potential to reduce systemic and localized inflammatory reactions in rodent models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion [1].

C18 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from lactosylceramide . It inhibits aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10008014) when used at a concentration of 1 μM. C18 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. C18 globotriaosylceramide also accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease.