pig

Dynorphin B-29 (Leumorphin) (pig) is a peptide that exhibits multifaceted receptor interactions within the brain and isolated tissue systems. This compound is utilized in the study of immunoreactions [1].

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Guinea pig TFA, a trophic and mitogenic factor, promotes growth in cultured whole embryos and acts as a gastrointestinal hormone, while also indicating potential neurotransmitter functions [1] [2].

Beta-defensin 103 isoform X1, pig TFA, is an antimicrobial peptide present in various living organisms, playing a crucial role in the initial defense of their innate immune system against pathogens [1].

Beta-defensin 103 isoform X1, pig, is an antimicrobial peptide prevalent in various organisms, playing a crucial role in the initial defense strategy of their innate immune system against pathogens [1].

Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) (68-82), guinea pig is a peptide with the sequence Tyr-Gly-Ser-Leu-Pro-Gln-Lys-Ser-Gln-Arg-Ser-Gln-Asp-Glu-Asn.Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) (68-82), guinea pig(MBP (68-82), guinea pig) is a fragment of myelin basic protein (MBP).

Peptide YY (pig), a 36-amino acid gastrointestinal peptide isolated from porcine duodenum, suppresses appetite and reduces food intake through activation of the Y2 receptor. Predominantly located in pancreatic endocrine cells, it influences intestinal motility and impacts the cardiovascular system [1] [2] [3].

Beta-defensin 1, pig TFA, an antimicrobial peptide predominantly located in the tongue mucosa of pigs, exhibits activity against a diverse range of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bordetella pertussis, and the fungus Candida albicans [1] [2].

Neuropeptide with many biological actions

Beta-defensin 1, pig, is an antimicrobial peptide predominantly located in the tongue mucosa of pigs. It exhibits activity against a variety of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bordetella pertussis, and the fungus Candida albicans [1] [2].

(-)-Epigallocatechin, the predominant flavonoid in green tea, possesses the unique ability to attach to unfolded native polypeptides, thereby inhibiting their transformation into amyloid fibrils.

Cytochrome c - pigeon (88-104) Acetate (Cytochrome c - pigeon ) is specific for a peptide within the COOH-terminal sequence 88-1041. 

Substance P 1-9 aceate is nonapeptide, which decreases the inactivation of substance P by the guinea-pig ileum and urinary bladder.

GRP (porcine) acetate is the gastrin-releasing peptide extracted from porcine pancreata. GRP (porcine) acetate may have a role in the parasympathetic regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretion from the pig pancreas.

Cecropin P1, porcine acetate is an antibacterial peptide found in Hyalophora cecropia and pig intestine.

Dapiglutide (ZP7570) is a long-acting dual agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R) that holds potential for short bowel syndrome (SBS) research.

Lysyl-prolyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl-phenylalanyl-4-nitrophenylalanyl-arginyl-leucine is a bioactive chemical.

Potent, metabolically stable neurotensin receptor agonist peptide (IC50 = 0.15 nM for inhibition of [125I]-NT binding to neonatal mouse brain; EC50 = 1.9 nM for contraction of guinea pig ileum). Produces long-lasting hypothermic, neuroprotective and analg

[D-Pro2,D-Phe7,D-Trp9] Substance P, an analogue of Substance P, serves as an inhibitor to its parent compound and indirectly contracts the guinea-pig ileum (GPI) [1] [2].

Leumorphin, human, is a potent agonist of the kappa opioid receptor (κ opioid receptor) and inhibits the contraction of the guinea pig ileum's myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation [1].

Valosin (porcine), a 25-amino-acid biologically active peptide, is recently isolated from pig intestine and utilized in digestive system research [1].

Tritrpticin, an antimicrobial peptide originating from pig bone marrow, exhibits effectiveness against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 250 and 1000 μg/ml, respectively [1].

pBD-1 is an endogenous and constitutively expressed antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from porcine tissues, particularly expresses in pig mucosal epithelial sites with the contribution of mucosal and systemic host defenses in pigs.

Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) agonist that binds to the EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site; produces CaM-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. Also binds to cytoplasmic sites on other Ca2+ channels, including NMDA and HIV-1 gp120-activated channels, inhibit

CCK (27-33) is a C-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. Non-sulfated CCK (27-33) inhibits binding of [3H]naloxone in rat cerebellum membranes (IC50 = 4 uM) and inhibits electrically-stimulated contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (IC50 = 17 uM), an effect that can be reversed by naloxone. Unlike sulfated CCK (27-33), the non-sulfated form does not reduce exploratory behavior in mice when administered at doses up to 1 uMol/kg.

Potent bradykinin receptor agonist. Highly selective for mammalian arterial smooth muscle bradykinin receptors, displaying ~ 50-fold greater potency than bradykinin. Elicits dose-dependent contractile effects in smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum (EC50 = 4

PL-3994, a natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) agonist resistant to neutral endopeptidase, functions as a bronchodilator, eliciting a concentration-dependent relaxation of pre-contracted guinea-pig trachea, evidenced by an IC50 of 42.7 nM [1].

Substance P (3-11), an SP fragment peptide capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), induces contraction in guinea pig ileum and facilitates chemotaxis in human monocytes [1] [2] [5].

Substance P (2-11), a fragment peptide of Substance P (SP), exhibits contractile effects on the guinea pig ileum and inhibits the permeation of tritiated SP (3 H SP) across brain microvessel endothelial cell (BBMEC) monolayers [1] [2].

Cecropin P1, porcine is an antibacterial peptide originally identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and later in pig intestine.

Galanin is a neuropeptide with diverse biological activities. [1][2][3][4][5] It binds to rat galanin (GAL) receptor subtypes GAL1-3 (IC50s = 0.339, 1.35, and 3.31 nM, respectively) and human GAL1-3 (IC50s = 0.288, 1.62, and 12.3 nM, respectively). [1] Galanin binds to and inhibits contraction of guinea pig gastric smooth muscle cells induced by carbachol . [2] In vivo, Galanin (6 nmol, i.c.v.) increases feeding behavior in rats and increases latency to hindpaw withdrawal in response to heat and mechanical stimulation in a rat model of carrageenin-induced inflammation when administered at a dose of 2 nmol injected into the nucleus accumbens.[3][4] Galanin (5 μg, i.c.v.) also inhibits acetylcholine release induced by scopolamine in the ventral hippocampus of freely moving rats. [5]

Sarafotoxin S6a TFA, an analogue of sarafotoxin, functions as an endothelin receptor agonist with an ET_A/ET_B selectivity profile akin to Endothelin-3. It demonstrates an EC_50 of 7.5 nM in stimulating the pig coronary artery [1].

Tyr-α-CGRP is an N-terminal extended tyrosinated analogue of α-calcitonin gene-related peptide . It binds to amylin receptors AMY1 and AMY3 in COS-7 cells expressing the human receptors (IC50s = 141 and 1.86 nM, respectively). Tyr-α-CGRP also binds to and stimulates cAMP accumulation in rat L6 myocytes (IC50 = 4 nM; EC50 = 12 nM). It also binds to rat brain and spleen membrane preparations (IC50s = 0.2 and 0.5 nM, respectively), induces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects in isolated right and left guinea pig atria (EC50s = 282 and 74 nM, respectively), and inhibits the twitch response in rat vas deferens (EC50 = 1.9 nM).

Potent and selective tachykinin NK1 receptor agonist (EC50 = 2 nM in guinea pig vas deferens).

Neuromedin B (NMB) is one of the bombesin (BN)-related peptides in mammals. It was originally purified from pig spinal cords, and it has been shown to be present in central nervous system as well as in gastrointestinal tract.

Motilin (26-47), human and pig are endogenous Motilin receptor ligands in Chinese hamster ovarian cell lines, with Ki and EC50 at 2.3 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide, plays roles in regulating appetite, vasoconstriction, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion, acting as an agonist for NPY receptors Y1, Y2, and Y5. Expressed ubiquitously, NPY modulates cellular responses by selectively inhibiting forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in L-M(TK-) cells expressing rat Y1 or Y2 and in HEK293 cells expressing rat Y5, more so than in cells expressing rat Y4 receptors (EC50s = 0.15, 2.7, 0.66, and >1,000 nM, respectively). Additionally, it elevates perfusion pressure in isolated guinea pig hearts (EC30 = 1.3 nM) and, when administered intracerebroventricularly at 300 pmol/animal, it notably increases food intake in rats.

CCK (26-30) is an N-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. The sulfated form of CCK (26-30) inhibits binding of [125I]CCK-33 to guinea pig cortical membranes by 10% when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.

Tyroserleutide hydrochloride is a small molecule tripeptide isolated from the degradation product of pig spleen, which can inhibit tumor growth in vivo and in vitro.

[Lys4] Sarafotoxin S6c, an analogue of sarafotoxin, serves as a potent, partial agonist of the endothelin receptor, inducing contraction in pig coronary artery with an effective concentration (EC 50) of 1.5 nM [1].

Substance P (1-9) is nonapeptide, which decreases the inactivation of substance P by the guinea-pig ileum and urinary bladder. Subtance P is responsible for a number of excitatory effects on both central and peripheral neurons.

Neuropeptide Y (2-36) (porcine) is a pig-sourced peptide closely resembling its rat and human counterparts with 97.14% homology. It acts as an agonist for rat neuropeptide receptors Y5, Y2, and Y1, demonstrating EC50 values of 1.2, 1.6, and 3.4 nM, respectively. This compound is utilized in research on obesity and eating disorders [1].

[D-Trp11]-Neurotensin is a compound that functions as a selective antagonist of Neurotensin (NT) in perfused rat hearts, while exhibiting full agonist properties in guinea pig atria and rat stomach strips. Additionally, this compound can inhibit hypotension induced by NT.

Endothelin receptor agonist (EC50 values are 7.5 and > 150 nM for contraction of pig coronary artery and guinea pig aorta respectively). Nociceptive in vivo.

Potent agonist of the nociceptin (ORL1) receptor, demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Selective, competitive antagonism at the nociceptin receptor has also been reported (pA2 = 7.02 and 6.75 in the guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens respectively)

CCK (26-31) is an N-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. The sulfated form of CCK (26-31) inhibits binding of [125I]CCK-33 to guinea pig cortical membranes by 21% when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.