macrophage

Human Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 3 (CCL3) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. CCL3 is primarily expressed in T cells, B cells, and monocytes after antigen or mitogen stimulation. CCL3 exhibits chemoattractive and adhesive effects on lymphocytes. CCL3 exerts multiple effects on hematopoietic precursor cells and inhibits the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro as well as in vivo. CCR1 and CCR5 have been identified as functional receptors for CCL3.

Matrix metalloproteinase-12（MMP12） is a secreted protein.It contains 4 hemopexin repeats and belongs to the peptidase M10A family. MMP12 may be involved in tissue injury and remodeling and have significant elastolytic activity. It can accept large and small amino acids at the P1' site, but has a preference for leucine. Aromatic or hydrophobic residues are preferred at the P1 site, with small hydrophobic residues (preferably alanine) occupying P3.

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), also called Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1 (MIC-1), is a divergent member of the TGF-beta superfamily. GDF15 can be secreted by a wide variety of cell types in response to a broad range of stressors. GDF-15 expression is dramatically upregulated during acute brain injury, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation, suggesting its potential value as a disease biomarker. GDF15 was shown to inhibit proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors and introduced as a putative placental mediator of embryonic development. GDF15 has recently gained scientific and translational prominence with the discovery that its receptor is a GFRAL-RET heterodimer of which GFRAL is expressed solely in the hindbrain.

SLAM family member 8 (SLAMF8) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and contains 1 Ig-like C2-type domain. SLAMF8 is a member of the CD2 family of cell surface proteins involved in lymphocyte activation. These proteins are characterized by Ig domains and studies of a similar protein in mouse suggest that it may function during B cell lineage commitment. SLAMF8 is expressed in lymph node, spleen, thymus and bone marrow. It may play a role in B-lineage commitment and/or modulation of signaling through the B-cell receptor.

CSF1R Protein, Feline, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 70.8 kDa and the accession number is P13369.

Essential virulence factor associated with macrophage infectivity. Exhibits PPIase activity.

M-CSF/CSF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 18.4 kDa and the accession number is P09603-2.

GM-CSFR alpha Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36 kDa and the accession number is P15509-1.

Macrophage receptor MARCO, also known as Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure and Marco, is a single-pass type II membrane protein. MARCO is a member of the class A scavenger receptor family and is part of the innate antimicrobial immune system. It is expressed in subpopulations of macrophages in the spleen and the medullary cord of lymph nodes. Although it is expressed on subsets of macrophages, it can be upregulated on other macrophages after bacterial infection. The strategic position of MARCO-expressing cells in lymphoid organs suggests an important role for this bacteria-binding molecule in the removal of pathogens. MARCO has a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a transmembrane domain, and a large extracellular part composed of a 75-residue long spacer domain, a 27-residue collagenous domain, and a 99-residue long scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain. It is possible that cooperation between the SRCR domain and the collagenous domain is needed for high-affinity bacterial binding, or that the SRCR domain has to be in a trimeric form to effectively bind to bacteria

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 42.5 kDa and the accession number is P01587.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 14.1 kDa and the accession number is P01587.

CD204/MSR1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.1 kDa and the accession number is NP_001178868.1.

M-CSF/CSF1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Rhesus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 19.8 kDa and the accession number is XP_005542489.1.

M-CSF/CSF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant, Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 18.4 kDa and the accession number is P09603-2.

M-CSF/CSF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 19.8 kDa and the accession number is P09603-1.

Signal Regulatory Protein α (SIRPα) is a monomeric approximately 90 kD type I transmembrane glycoprotein. The 504 amino acid human SIRPα contains two Ig-like C1-type domains and one Ig-like V-type domain. SIRPα can express in various tissues, mainly on brain and myeloid cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic and Langerhans cells. It also can detect in neurons, smooth muscle and endothelial cells. SIRPA is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor for CD47. SIRPα acts as docking protein and induces translocation of PTPN6, PTPN11 and other binding partners from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. SIRPα shows adhesion of cerebellar neurons, neurite outgrowth and glial cell attachment. SIRPα engagement generally produces a negative regulatory signal; it may mediate negative regulation of phagocytosis, mast cell activation and dendritic cell activation.

Z-DNA Binding Protein 1 (ZBP1) is a protein with 2 DRADA repeats. ZBP1 is highly expressed in lymphatic tissues including lymph node, leukocytes, tonsil, bone marrow, and spleen. ZBP1 participates in the detection of viral and bacterial DNA from by the host's innate immune system. It plays a role in host defense against tumors and pathogens. ZBP1 Acts as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor which, when activated, induces the recruitment of TBK1 and IRF3 to its C-terminal region and activates the downstream interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and NF-kappa B transcription factors, leading to type-I interferon production. ZBP1-induced NF-kappaB activation probably involves the recruitment of the RHIM containing kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3.

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a member of the type III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that also includes receptors for SCF and PDGF. These receptors each contain five immunoglobulin-like domains in their extracellular domain (ECD) and a split kinase domain in their intracellular region. CSF1R is expressed primarily on cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, dendritic cells, stem cells and in the developing placenta. CSF1 and its receptor (CSF1R, product of c-fms proto-oncogene) were initially implicated as essential for normal monocyte development as well as for trophoblastic implantation. It plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone and tooth development. It is required for normal male and female fertility, and for normal development of milk ducts and acinar structures in the mammary gland during pregnancy. Aberrant expression of CSF1 or CSF1R may play a role in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, and allograft rejection.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic, monocytes/ macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.

CD204/MSR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43 kDa and the accession number is P21757-1.

CD131 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50 kDa and the accession number is P32927-1.

MIF Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.8 kDa and the accession number is P14174.

MIF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 12.5 kDa and the accession number is P34884.

CD204/MSR1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 69.2 kDa and the accession number is NP_001178868.1.

M-CSF/CSF1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.4 kDa and the accession number is P07141-1.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.9 kDa and the accession number is P48750.

M-CSF/CSF1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Rhesus, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.1 kDa and the accession number is XP_005542489.1.

C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2,MIP-2) belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family. It was originally identified as a heparin-binding protein secreted from a murine macrophage cell line in response to endotoxin stimulation. The expression of mouse MIP-2 is stimulated by endotoxin. The mouse MIP-2 shares approximately 63% aa sequence identity with murine KC, another mouse alpha chemokine, which is induced by PDGF. It has been suggested that mouse KC and MIP-2 are the homologs of the human GROs and rat CINCs. Chemotactic for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes but does not induce chemokinesis or an oxidative burst. The expression of MIP-2 was found to be associated with neutrophil influx in pulmonary inflammation and glomerulonephritis, suggesting that MIP-2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.

C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10 Member A (CLEC10A) is a type II transmembrane C-type lectin that is expressed on immature myleloid dendritic cells and alternatively activated (tolerogenic) macrophages. CLEC10A/MGL binds and internalizes molecules with terminal nonsialylated GalNAc carbohydrates such as the Tn carcinoma antigen. CLEC10A/MGL also binds the GP envelope glycoprotein on Marburg and Ebola viruses and enhances viral entry and infectivity. It constitute a unique class of C-type lectins because of their specificity for galactose and its structural homologues. CLEC10A is thought to participate in the recognition of molecules from both altered self and pathogens due to its monosaccharide specificity for Gal and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Human and rat carry a single gene for CLEC10A/MGL, while mouse has two closely related MGL1 and MGL2 genes.

Members of the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) family are activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors whose genes are located same locus that encodes killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR). Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Subfamily B Member 2 (LIR-2) is a type I transmembrane protein. LIR-2 is expressed primarily on monocytes and dendritic cells (DC). Human LIR-2 is produced as a 598 amino acino acid precursor including a 21 aa signal sequence, a 440 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmenbrane segment, and a 116 aa cytoplasmic domain. LIR-2 binds to Classical MHCI proteins. Ligation of LIR-2 incluces Tyr phosphorylation within its cytoplasmic ITIMs, a requirement for association with SHP-1. LIR-2 mediates tolerogenic DC-induced CD4+ T cell energy in vitro and in vivo.

Rat Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1(MCSF,CSF1) is a single-pass type I membrane cytokine. It is a hematopoietic growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. MCSF promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. It is involved in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development which for normal male and female fertility. It promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration. MCSF also plays a role in lipoprotein clearance.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41 kDa and the accession number is P04141.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.9 kDa and the accession number is P04141.

The tyrosine kinase receptor, macrophage-stimulating 1 receptor (MST1R), a c-met-related tyrosine kinase, also known as the Ron receptor or CD136, controls cell survival and motility programs related to invasive growth. As the tyrosine kinase receptor is comprised of an extracellular domain, MST1R protein contains the ligand-binding pocket and an intracellular region where the kinase domain is located. MST1R signaling may be involved in the regulation of macrophage and T-lymphocyte activation in vivo during injury. This assessment of gene expression indicates the importance of genetic factors in contributing to lung injury and points to strategies for intervention in the progression of inflammatory diseases. It had been shown that MST1R/CD136 plays a critical role in Ni-induced lung injury in mice. The overexpression of MSP, MT-SP1, and MST1R was a strong independent indicator of both metastasis and death in human breast cancer patients and significantly increased the accuracy of an existing gene expression signature for poor prognosis. Stimulation of MST1R leads to its transphosphorylation and the ultimate activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways, such as the classical mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, the phosphatidylinositol (PI)3-kinase pathway, and the JNK pathway.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.10 kDa and the accession number is P01587.

MIF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.8 kDa and the accession number is P34884.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43 kDa and the accession number is P48750.

C-C Motif Chemokine 3 (MIP-1 alpha,CCL3 ) is a member of the beta or CC subfamily of chemokines and is closely related to CCL4/MIP-1 beta. CCL3 expression can be induced in a variety of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. Mature mouse CCL3 shares 73%, 91%, and 82% amino acid sequence identity with human, rat, and cotton rat CCL3, respectively. CCL3 exerts its biological functions through interactions with CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5. It is cleared from the extracellular space by internalization via the decoy chemokine receptor D6. CCL3 promotes the chemoattraction, adhesion to activated vascular endothelium, and cellular activation of many hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and eosinophils. CCL3 is also known as stem cell inhibitor (SCI) and can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. CCL3 bioactivity contributes to tumor metastasis and the inflammatory components of viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis, although it also can suppress the replication of HIV.

Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factors (m-csf) are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and themonocytes-macrophages. CSF-1 promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. It also plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development. CSF-1 is required for normal male and female fertility and promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration. it also plays a role in lipoprotein clearance.

Human Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 7 (CXCL7), also known as neutrophil activating peptide 2 (NAP-2), is a member of the CXC chemokines containing an ELR domain (Glu-Leu-Arg tripeptide motif). Similar to other ELR domain containing CXC chemokines, such as IL-8 and the GRO proteins, CXCL7 binds CXCR2, chemoattracts and activates neutrophils. CXCL7, Connective Tissue Activating Protein III (CTAPIII) and βthrombogulin (βTG), are proteolytically processed carboxylterminal fragments of platelet basic protein (PBP) which is found in the alphagranules of human platelets. Although CTAPIII, βTG, and PBP represent amino-terminal extended variants of NAP2 and possess the same CXC chemokine domains, these proteins do not exhibit CXCL7/NAP2 activity. CXCL7 induces cell migration through the G-protein-linked receptor CXCR-2.

C-C motif chemokine 9(CCL9) is an 11 kDa, secreted, monomeric polypeptide that belongs to the beta (or CC) intercrine family of chemokines. It is expressed mainly in the liver, lung, and the thymus, although some expression has been detected in a wide variety of tissues except brain. Monokine has inflammatory, pyrogenic and chemokinetic properties. It circulates at high concentrations in the blood of healthy animals. Binding to a high-affinity receptor，it activates calcium release in neutrophils. It also inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. CCL9 can activate osteoclasts through its receptor CCR1 (the most abundant chemokine receptor found on osteoclasts) suggesting an important role for CCL9 in bone resorption.

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a member of the type III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that also includes receptors for SCF and PDGF. These receptors each contain five immunoglobulin-like domains in their extracellular domain (ECD) and a split kinase domain in their intracellular region. CSF1R is expressed primarily on cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, dendritic cells, stem cells and in the developing placenta. CSF1 and its receptor (CSF1R, product of c-fms proto-oncogene) were initially implicated as essential for normal monocyte development as well as for trophoblastic implantation. It plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone and tooth development. It is required for normal male and female fertility, and for normal development of milk ducts and acinar structures in the mammary gland during pregnancy. Aberrant expression of CSF1 or CSF1R may play a role in inflammatory diseases.

C-Type Lectin Domain Family 4 Member E (CLEC4E) is a 219 amino acid single-pass type II membrane protein that contains one C-type Lectin domain. It is expressed in monocytes, CLEC4E functions as a downstream target of C/EBP β and is thought to play a role in the inflammatory response, possibly via transcriptional control of C/EBP β. CLEC4E may play a role in the response to inflammatory stimuli in peritoneal macrophages and may be involved in immune surveillance processes under transcriptional control of CEBPB. Human CLEC4E shares 67% sequence identity with its mouse counterpart, suggesting a similar function between species. CLEC-4E exists as multiple alternatively spliced isoforms that are encoded by a gene which maps to a natural killer gene complex region on human chromosome 12.

MRC2 (Mannose Receptor C Type 2) is a constitutively recycling endocytic receptor belonging to the mannose receptor family, which has been found to be closely involved with cancer metastasis. MRC2 expresses an extracellular fibronectin type II domain that binds to and internalizes collagen, suggesting that it may play a role in modulating renal fibrosis. MRC2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 57.64 kDa and the accession number is Q9UBG0.

Mediates the endocytosis of glycoproteins by macrophages. Binds both sulfated and non-sulfated polysaccharide chains.; (Microbial infection) Acts as phagocytic receptor for bacteria, fungi and other pathogens.; (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Dengue virus envelope protein E.; (Microbial infection) Interacts with Hepatitis B virus envelope protein. MRC1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 69.9 kDa and the accession number is P22897.

May be involved in tissue injury and remodeling. Has significant elastolytic activity. Can accept large and small amino acids at the P1' site, but has a preference for leucine. Aromatic or hydrophobic residues are preferred at the P1 site, with small hydrophobic residues (preferably alanine) occupying P3. MMP-12 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 46.1 kDa and the accession number is P39900.

Monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties.

GM-CSFR alpha Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61.2 kDa and the accession number is P15509-1.

GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 14.5 kDa and the accession number is P04141.

CD131 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 75.1 kDa and the accession number is Q78ZF5.