toxin

AK-Toxin II is a host-specific toxin to Japanese white pear.

Tetanus toxin (830-843) from tetanus toxoid is a universal human tetanus toxin T cell epitope. It induces T-cell activation and is used as a helper peptide in vaccinations.

Botulinum toxin type B, an antigen-specific exotoxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, is utilized in the study of neck dystonia. It inhibits the release of Acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction, causing relaxation paralysis or muscle weakening in the targeted muscle [1].

Tetanus toxin 830-843 acetate (Tetanus toxin 830-843 acetate (119260-99-0 free base)) from tetanus toxoid is a universal human tetanus toxin T cell epitope. It induces T-cell activation and is used as a helper peptide in vaccinations.

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) (58-78) acts as a T cell proliferation activator by promoting the in vitro proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a dose-dependent manner and is utilized in research related to inflammation, immunity, and cancer [1].

Tetanus Toxin (830–844), a biologically active peptide and a tetanus toxin-derived peptide TT830–844 CD4+ T-cell epitope, exhibits promiscuity by binding to a wide spectrum of HLA–DRB molecules. Consequently, it is anticipated to elicit CD4+ T-cell responses across a broad segment of the human population.

Cn2 toxin, a β-toxin, interacts with the voltage-sensing domain of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) [1].

Wasabi Receptor Toxin (WaTx) activates TRPA1 through prolonged channel openings while reducing Ca2+ permeability. This compound has potential applications in studying both acute and persistent pain [1].

HT-2 Toxin, a deacetylated metabolite of T-2 toxin, impairs protein synthesis and hinders cell proliferation in plants.

HC Toxin is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) (IC50 = 30 nM). Through its effects on HDACs, HC toxin has been shown to up-regulate the expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in colorectal cancer cells and induce fetal hemoglobin in human primary erythroid cells. HC Toxin is a cyclic tetrapeptide first isolated from H. carbonum (now C. carbonum), a pathogen of maize.

HT-2 toxin-13C22is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of HT-2 toxin by GC- or LC-MS. HT-2 toxin is a type A trichothecene mycotoxin and an active, deacetylated metabolite of the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin .1,2Like T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin inhibits protein synthesis and cell proliferation in plants.2HT-2 toxin also reduces viability of HepG2, A549, HEp-2, Caco-2, A-204, U937, Jurkat, and RPMI-8226 cancer cells with IC50values ranging from 3.1 to 23 ng/ml and human umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50value of 56.4 ng/ml.1It induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and autophagy in, as well as halts the development of, cultured mouse embryos when used at a concentration of 10 nM.3HT-2 toxin has been found in cereal grains and food products.4,5 1.Nielsen, C., Casteel, M., Didier, A., et al.Trichothecene-induced cytotoxicity on human cell linesMycotoxin Res.25(2)77-84(2009) 2.Nathanail, A.V., Varga, E., Meng-Reiterer, J., et al.Metabolism of the fusarium mycotoxins T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in wheatJ. Agric. Food Chem.63(35)7862-7872(2015) 3.Zhang, L., Li, L., Xu, J., et al.HT-2 toxin exposure induces mitochondria dysfunction and DNA damage during mouse early embryo developmentReprod. Toxicol.85104-109(2019) 4.Langseth, W., and Rundberget, T.The occurrence of HT-2 toxin and other trichothecenes in Norwegian cerealsMycopathologia147(3)157-165(1999) 5.Al-Taher, F., Cappozzo, J., Zweigenbaum, J., et al.Detection and quantitation of mycotoxins in infant cereals in the U.S. market by LC-MS/MS using a stable isotope dilution assayFood Control72(Part A)27-35(2017)

AAL Toxin TD1 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T125565.

AM Toxin III is a phytotoxic peptide.

Muscarinic toxin 7 (MT7) is a peptide exhibiting selective, noncompetitive antagonistic activity at the muscarinic M1 receptor [1].

Micrurotoxin 1 (MmTx1 toxin) acts as an allosteric modulator of GABA A receptors, enhancing the receptor's sensitivity to its agonist [1].

AM Toxin II is a Cyclic tetradepsipeptide isolated from Alternaria mali.

T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is a fungal secondary metabolite produced by various Fusarium species in feed and grains, which is highly toxic to reproduction and induces a variety of cardiovascular toxicities.T-2 Toxin is an inhibitor of peptidyl transferase (60s ribosomal subunit) binding and protein synthesis. T-2 Toxin is an inhibitor of peptidyl transferase (60s ribosomal subunit) binding and protein synthesis, induces TM4 cell dysfunction via ROS-induced apoptosis, inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, and increases hepatic lipid peroxidation levels.

AAL Toxin TA2 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T124208.

AAL Toxin TC2 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T125566.

AAL Toxin TD2 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T125564.

AAL Toxin TB1 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T125788.

AAL Toxin TB2 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T125787.

Vm24-toxin, a peptide toxin isolated from the Mexican scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus smithi, serves as an inhibitor of the Kv1.3 potassium channel [1].

Muscarinic toxin 3 (MT3), a potent non-competitive antagonist of mAChR and adrenoceptors, exhibits pIC50 values of 6.71 for M1, 8.79 for M4, 8.86 for α1A, 7.57 for α1B, 8.13 for α1D, 8.49 for α2A, <6.5 for α2B, and 7.29 for α2C receptors. MT3 notably demonstrates significant adrenoceptor activity [1].

Ssm Spooky Toxin, derived from Scolopendra mutilans, exhibits potent lethality affecting both hematological and respiratory systems primarily through the inhibition of KCNQ (voltage-gated potassium channel family 7) channels. It demonstrates IC50 values of 2.8 μM for Kv7.4, 5.26 μM for Kv1.3, and 0.1-0.3 M for the Shal channel, respectively. Additionally, this toxin impedes cytokine production by selectively targeting the KV1.3 channel in T cells and is crucial for the centipede's circulatory system functions [1] [2] [3].

MmTx2 toxin, extracted from the venom of the coral snake, serves as a modulator of the GABA A receptor, increasing its responsiveness to agonists. This property renders it a useful tool in researching neurological disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and chronic pain [1].

ShK toxin, isolated from the Caribbean sea anemone (Stichodactyla helianthus), is an inhibitor of the voltage-dependent potassium channel (Kv1.3 channel). It competes with dendrotoxin I and α-dendrotoxin in binding to rat brain synaptosomal membranes and promotes acetylcholine release. Additionally, ShK toxin reduces K+ currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation [1] [2].

AAL Toxin TA1 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T124207.

AAL Toxin TE2 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T125562.

NT 2 Toxin is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T124258 and the CAS number is 76348-84-0.

AAL Toxin TC1 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T125567.

AAL Toxin TE1 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T125563.

Scorpion toxin Tf2, a β-scorpion toxin first identified in the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus fasciolatus, acts as an activator of the neuronal voltage-gated sodium (Nav) subtype Nav1.3, associated with epilepsy and nociception. It increases hNav1.3 activation voltage, prompting channel opening at resting membrane potentials [1].

Aa1 toxin, sourced from Androctonus australis Garzoni venom, is a neurotoxic peptide that specifically blocks potassium channels and has applications in neurological disease research [1].

Toxin IIc is a biochemical.

δ-Theraphotoxin-Hm1a is a selective NaV1.1 activator that induces pain and touch sensitivity, with potential applications in irritable bowel syndrome research [1].

Psalmotoxin 1 is a potent and selective acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) blocker.

Resiniferatoxin ([3H]resiniferatoxin) inhibits the production of Th1 cytokines, contributing to the defense against T. spiralis infection, and can be used in studies about the modulator of the immune response.

VSTx-3 is a potassium voltage-gated channel (K_V) blocker, which has also been shown to be a potent tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-sensitive) sodium channel inhibitor, with particular efficacy against NaV1.8 channels, as evidenced by its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC_50) values of 0.19 μM for hNaV1.3, 0.43 μM for hNaV1.7, and 0.77 μM for hNaV1.8 channels.

Aspergillomarasmine A is a polyamine acid naturally produced by the mold Aspergillus Versicolor.

Endotoxin Inhibitor acetate has a strong blocking effect on bacterial physiological activity, thus producing antibacterial toxin Inhibitor sequences with disulfide bonds and a large amount of lysine. Endotoxin Inhibitor acetate is more likely to exert phy

Chrysotoxine (Phenol, 4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dimethoxy-) inhibits 6-hydroxydopamine induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells via NF-κB modulation and mitochondria protection.

α-Conotoxin GI acetate is a competitive antagonist of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).

α-Conotoxin MII acetate is a 16-amino acid peptide from the venom of the marine snail Conus magus. α-Conotoxin MII acetate potently blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of α3β2 subunits, with an IC50 of 0.5 nM. α-Conotoxin MII acetate potently blocks β3-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Ceratotoxin A acetate is isolated from the accessory gland secretion fluid, with anti-bacterial effects.

β-Pompilidotoxin Acetate is a wasp venom peptide. β-Pompilidotoxin Acetate can slow sodium channel inactivation and increase steady-state sodium current in cells.

α-Conotoxin PIA acetate is an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mainly targeting α6 and α3 subunits.

Spinoxin, a 34-residue peptide neurotoxin extracted from the venom of Heterometrus spinifer, is characterized by four disulfide bridges. It acts as a potent inhibitor of the Kv1.3 potassium channel with an IC 50 value of 63 nM. This compound is regarded as a promising molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of a range of autoimmune disorders and cancers [1].

CTB (Cholera Toxin B subunit) is an activator of p300 histone acetyltransferase and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

Zearalenone (F2 toxin) is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium in foods and feeds. Possess oestrogenic activity in cattle, pigs and sheep, with low acute toxicity. Causes precocious development of mammae and other estrogenic effects in young gilts.