apoptotic

The compound, tumor-targeted pro-apoptotic peptide (CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2), functions as an anti-tumor agent by disrupting mitochondrial membranes to induce apoptosis, demonstrating anticancer efficacy in mice [1].

RGD-Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide is a peptide that preferentially binds to integrins at sites of tumor angiogenesis through its C-terminal RGD-4C sequence (ACDCRGDCFC).

This Bim peptide belongs to the pro-apoptotic group of the Bcl-2 family of proteins.

Fluorescein-6-carbonyl-Asp(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Val-DL-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone is a cell-permeable, non-toxic inhibitor that irreversibly binds to activated caspase-3 in apoptotic cells, with its fluorescence intensity measurable via flow cytometry, microwell plate reader, or fluorescence microscopy [1].

PUMA BH3, a peptide that includes the BH3 domain from the p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and activates the pro-apoptotic protein Bak, demonstrates binding affinity to Bak with dissociation constants (Kds) of 290 nM in HEPES buffer and 26 nM in CHAPS buffer. This interaction with Bak induces its homo-oligomerization and facilitates Bak-mediated membrane permeabilization.

BH3 hydrochloride, a peptide that crosses the blood-brain barrier, induces apoptosis either through direct activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax/Bak or by inhibiting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, and A-1) through their BH3 domain [1][2].

HKPao (Hunter-killer peptide ao) is a biologically active peptide with dual functionality, exhibiting anti-obesity and anti-tumor pro-apoptotic activities. It induces the release of cytochrome c from vesicles, thereby playing a significant role in cellular apoptosis [1].

(Rac)-Z-Phe-Phe-FMK (Cathepsin L-IN-2) is a cathepsin L inhibitor that inhibits the tendency of β-amyloid to induce apoptotic changes .

Bid BH3 (80-99) is a biologically active peptide known as a pro-apoptotic member of the 'BH3-only' (BOPS) subset within the BCL-2 protein family, pivotal in apoptosis regulation. It notably interacts with Bcl-2, Bax, and Bak, initiating their activation or inactivation, thus inducing cell death. Additionally, Bid translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondrial membrane as part of its functional mechanism. The presence of Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, which can spontaneously arise from Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus of sequences, is a natural process. The hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu is theorized to enhance peptide stability, providing resistance to gastrointestinal proteases, making these peptides a recognized variant within peptide analyses, including HPLC purity assessments.

r8 Bid BH3, a biologically active peptide, is a pro-apoptotic member of the BH3-only subset within the BCL-2 family proteins, pivotal in regulating apoptosis. This compound exhibits lethality towards Bcl-2-expressing human leukemia cell lines, indicating its promise as a potential cancer therapeutic. The peptide is conjugated with poly-D-arginine (denoted by rrrrrrrr), enhancing cellular uptake.

Cell-permeable peptide cleaved from protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) upon receptor activation. Attenuates endothelial cell migration and proliferation (IC50 ~ 20 μM), and induces cell cycle arrest. Promotes activation of caspase-3 and exhibits pro-apo

TAT-BH4 (Bcl-xL) TFA, primarily localized at the mitochondria, inhibits apoptotic cell death. This compound comprises an eosin-labeled cysteine at the N-terminal and the protein transduction domain from the HIV TAT protein (amino acids 49 to 57), fused to the Bcl-xL BH4 peptide. It is utilized in research concerning diseases associated with accelerated apoptosis [1].

Cell-permeable peptide cleaved from protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) upon receptor activation. Attenuates endothelial cell migration and proliferation (IC50 ~ 3 μM), and induces cell cycle arrest. Promotes activation of caspase-3 and exhibits pro-apop

Bim BH3 is a bioactive peptide that belongs to the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins.

FIZZ-1 (32-51) (mouse), a cysteine-rich secretory protein, is predominantly expressed in macrophages, bronchial epithelial, and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) during allergic airway inflammation. Additionally, it exhibits an anti-apoptotic effect on lung fibroblasts, indicating its potential utility in researching allergic pneumonia [1] [2].

Bim BH3, Peptide IV TFA, is a 26-residue peptide derived from the BH3-only protein Bim, a member of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family [1] [2].

Bim BH3, Peptide IV TFA is a 26-site residue of BH3 protein Bim, belonging to the pro-apoptotic group of bcl-2 protein family.

TAT-BH4 (Bcl-xL), primarily localized at the mitochondria, inhibits apoptotic cell death. This compound comprises an N-terminal eosin-labeled cysteine and the protein transduction domain of the HIV TAT protein (amino acids 49 to 57), fused to the Bcl-xL BH4 peptide. It serves as a tool for research into diseases characterized by accelerated apoptosis [1].

Humanin, a 24-amino acid anti-apoptotic peptide and Bax inhibitor, prevents Bax translocation from the cytosol to mitochondria and obstructs its activation. This mitochondria-associated peptide has neuroprotective properties against Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-related neurotoxicity and enhances insulin sensitivity in animals, linking it to aging processes [1] [2]. An analogue named HNG, with serine at position 14 substituted for glycine, has been developed [2].

(Gly14)-Humanin (human) (14-Glycine-Humanin (human)), an analog of Humanin, features the substitution of serine with glycine (Gly) at the 14th amino acid position. This compound exhibits anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective functions [1] [2].