Type A Allatostatin I acetate is a tridecapeptide. Allatostatins are pleiotropic neuropeptides for inhibition of juvenile hormone synthesis in insects.

Type A Allatostatin I is a tridecapeptide that falls under the category of pleiotropic neuropeptides. These neuropeptides are known for their ability to inhibit the synthesis of juvenile hormone in insects.

The human type I hair keratin subfamily comprises nine individual members, which can be subdivided into three groups. Group A (hHa1, hHa3-I, hHa3-II, hHa4) and B (hHa7, hHa8) each contains structurally related hair keratins, whereas group C members hHa2,

PACAP 1-38 acetate is a pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) analogue. PACAP 1-38 acetate binds to PACAP type I receptor(IC50 = 4 nM) and PACAP type II VIP2 receptor(IC50 = 1 nM) but not to PACAP type II, VIP1 receptor.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat acetate is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50s of 30, 600, and 40 nM for PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

C-telopeptide, a cross-linked peptide derived from type I collagen, is liberated through bone resorption and has demonstrated a correlation with bone mineral density (BMD).

Semastatin-5B, an anti-angiogenic peptide composed of 17 amino acids, can be derived from proteins featuring type I thrombospondin motifs [1].

C-telopeptide acetate is a cross-linked peptide of type I collagen and can be used as a marker for bone resorption.

Suicin 65, a class I type B lantibiotic synthesized by Streptococcus suis, exhibits activity against all S. suis isolates [1].

Adamtsostatin 18, an anti-angiogenic peptide derived from proteins with type I thrombospondin motifs, suppresses cell migration and proliferation [1].

The Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala (DGEA) amino acid domain of type I collagen interacts with the α2β1 integrin receptor on the cell membrane and mediates extracellular signals into cells. It is a potential antagonist of collagen receptors.

Arylomycin A2, a lipopeptide antibiotic, functions as a type I signal peptidase (SPase I) inhibitor. It exhibits antibacterial properties [1].

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50s of 30, 600, and 40 nM for PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.

Huwentoxin I (HWTX-I) is a peptide toxin that targets and inhibits both voltage-gated sodium channels and N-type calcium channels. It effectively inhibits sodium channels in the rat hippocampus and cockroach dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, displaying IC50 values of 66.1 nM and 4.80 nM, respectively [1].

GAD65 (206-220) is a synthetic peptide derived from glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65, specifically corresponding to residues 180-188. It is known that GAD65 interacts with I-Ag7 MHC class II molecules and is a significant pancreatic antigen that self-reactive T cells target in type I diabetes mellitus.

Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004). Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2 References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004).

Spantide I TFA, a selective NK1 receptor antagonist and a substance P analog, exhibits K(i) values of 230 nM for NK1 and 8150 nM for NK2 receptors, respectively. It offers a method to decrease type 1 while increasing type 2 cytokine IL-10 in the infected cornea, significantly reducing corneal perforation [1] [2] [3].

LH-RH (7-10), a tetrapeptide, constitutes a principal degradation product of luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) through the action of the pituitary and hypothalamus. This compound is synthesized in macrophages, as well as type I-like and type II pneumocytes [3].

EGFRvIII peptide, a synthetic peptide mirroring the EGFRvIII fusion junction—a tumor-specific, perpetually active EGFR variant missing amino acids 6-273 of the wild-type—binds to HLA-A*0201-positive T2 cells under MHC class I at 25 µg/ml. It enables antigen presentation in dendritic cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), thus activating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and prompting IFN-γ production. Administered at 15 µg/animal with the TLR5 agonist flagellin B, EGFRvIII peptide elevates CD8+ T cell numbers, lowers regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the brain, diminishes tumor volume, and extends survival in a GL261 glioblastoma mouse model.

GAD65(247-266) epitope TFA, a T cell epitope derived from islet antigens, exhibits competitive binding to the type I diabetes-associated molecule I-A g7, albeit with low affinity. This epitope corresponds to a sequence within Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65, an enzyme implicated in the transformation of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [1].

M1145 TFA, a chimeric peptide, acts as a selective agonist for the galanin receptor type 2 (GAL2), demonstrating a binding affinity (K i ) of 6.55 nM. It exhibits significantly greater selectivity for GAL2, with over 90-fold and 76-fold higher affinity compared to GAL1 (K i = 587 nM) and GalR3 (K i = 497 nM), respectively. Additionally, M1145 TFA enhances galanin signal transduction mechanisms [1].

Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011). Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011).

IRL-1620 (TFA) is a potent, selective agonist for the endothelin receptor type B (ETB) with an affinity (K i) of 16 pM.

Angiotensin II human TFA, a potent vasoconstrictor within the renin/angiotensin system, plays a pivotal role in human blood pressure regulation primarily through interactions with the G-protein-coupled receptors Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). It not only prompts sympathetic nervous stimulation, aldosterone biosynthesis, and renal effects but also fosters growth in vascular smooth muscle cells and boosts collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts. This action results in the thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, alongside fibrosis. Additionally, Angiotensin II human TFA triggers apoptosis and encourages capillary formation from endothelial cells through the LOX-1 dependent redox-sensitive pathway [1] [2] [3] [4].

MUC1, mucin core is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is characterized by its overexpression and abnormal glycosylation in carcinoma cells. It specifically binds to domain 1 of ICAM-1.

AKAP disruptor. Selectively binds PKA-RI with high affinity (KD values are 6.2 and 12.1 nM for the RIα and β subunits, respectively) and blocks its interaction with AKAP. Inhibits type I PKA-mediated phosphorylation in live cells. Cell permeable.