gram negative

Anti gram-positive/negative bacteria agent 1 is an antibiotic linked with a synthetic MECAM-based siderophore, serving as a conjugate aimed at combating gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

BING, a antimicrobial peptide discovered in Japanese medaka fish (O. laptipes), originates from vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13D-like (Vps13D). It exhibits efficacy against a range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, notably including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; MICs = 4-64 µg/ml). Furthermore, BING enhances the effectiveness of antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, and novobiocin against P. aeruginosa, and it prevents resistance development to kanamycin and ampicillin in E. coli. Notably, its administration in vivo significantly improves survival rates in O. laptipes challenged with E. tarda.

Durlobactam sodium salt (ETX2514 sodium salt) is an inhibitor of β-lactamase with IC50 values of 4 nM, 14 nM, and 190 nM for Class A KPC-2, Class C AmpC, and Class D OXA-24, respectively. Durlobactam sodium salt can be used in studies about drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is a unique component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and consists of three regions: lipid A, oligosaccharide core, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen). Lipopolysaccharides help maintain the integrity of the outer cell membrane and protect bacteria from damage by bile salts and lipid antibiotics. Lipopolysaccharides is a highly immunogenic antigen that can enhance immune responses and can be used for inflammation model construction.

Tigemonam is a monobactam. Tigemonam has potent activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacterial pathogens.

Ceftobiprole (Ro 63-9141) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; MIC90: 2 μg/mL).

Mupirocin calcium hydrate is an antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, showed a high level of activity against staphylococci and streptococci and against certain gram-negative bacteria

Ampicillin (Aminobenzylpenicillin) is a semi-synthetic penicillin belonging to the β-lactam group of antibiotics. Ampicillin has bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Berberine hydrogen sulphate (Umbellatine Sulfate) , an alkaloid extracted from several plants, possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Prulifloxacin (NM441) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting the activity of bacterial DNA topoisomerase II and IV.

Penicillin G sodium(Benzylpenicillin sodium) salt is a penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.

Norfloxacin (MK-0366)(Norxacin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Cefmetazole sodium (Sodium cefmetazole) is a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.

Bekanamycin (Kanamycin B) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic.

Cefodizime Sodium is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has broad-spectrum activity

Chlorhexidine diacetate (Bactigras) is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

CysHHC10 acetate shows antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with MIC of 10.1, 20.2, 2.5, and 1.3 mM for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis, respectively.

WCK-5153 is an enhancer of β-Lactamase and an inhibitor of PBP2 with antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. WCK-5153 can be used in studies about the treatment of serious infections caused by highly drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.

Phanquinone is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

Sarafloxacin (A56620) has antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Imipenem (MK0787) is a thienomycin derivative that belongs to the class of antibiotics with antibacterial activity and partial inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Imipenem can be used to study carbapenem non-susceptible infections and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections.

SPR741 acetate is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B. It exhibits antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting severe gram-negative bacterial sensory by increasing the permeability of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.SPR741 acetate is often used in conjunction with antibiotics for the treatment of a number of diseases.

Moiramide B is a potent acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor (IC50:6 nM) with antimicrobial activity, strongly inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria but weakly inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria.

Alalevonadifloxacin is a DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase inhibitor and a novel antibacterial compound of the quinolone class targeting MRSa. Alalevonadifloxacin is potentially useful in the treatment of bacterial Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic infections.

Polymyxin B nonapeptide acetate is a cationic cyclic peptide. Polyxin B nonapeptide is a derivative produced by enzymatic cleavage of polyxin B. Compared with polyxin B, polyxin B nonapeptide has low toxicity, lacks bactericidal activity and still has the

ALPHA-PINENE ((-)-Alpha-Pinene) is a bicyclic monoterpene found in pine trees and other plants, including Cannabis with diverse biological activities [1]. It reduces the growth of a panel of seven Gram-positive bacteria, seven Gram-negative bacteria, and eight yeast strains with MIC values of 0.75-1.29, 1.05-1.59, and 0.7-1.17%, respectively [2]. It has insecticidal activity against C. molestus larvae with LC50 values ranging from 47 to 49 mg/L.3 ALPHA-PINENE (100 μg/ml) induces apoptosis, increases anion superoxide production and DNA fragmentation, and activates caspase-3 in B16/F10 melanoma cells [4]. In a B16/F10 mouse xenograft model, ALPHA-PINENE(100 ml of a 10 mg/ml solution) reduces the number of metastatic lung nodules by approximately 7-fold. ALPHA-PINENE(8.6 mg/L, aerosol) also increases the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze by approximately 2-fold in mice, indicating anxiolytic-like activity [5].

Colistin-1,3,5,9-tetramethanesulfonic A acid is used for the treatment of serious infections due to selected aerobic Gram-negative pathogens in patients with limited treatment options.

Magainin 1 acetate is an antimicrobial peptide. Magainin 1 acetate exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

BB-78485 is a potent small molecule inhibitor of LpxC metalloenzymes with antibacterial activity. The IC50 value of BB-78485 against LpxC is 160 nM. BB-78485 can be used for the study of Gram-negative bacterial infections.

ACHN-975 TFA is a selective LpxC inhibitor with a subnanomolar inhibitory. It is against a wide range of gram-negative bacterias with low MIC values (≤1 μg/mL).

Sulopenem, an orally active, potent inhibitor of beta-lactamase, is a parenteral penem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Sapienic acid sodium is a fatty acid commonly. It has variable antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria found on the skin and in the oral cavity.

Taniborbactam dihydrochloride (VNRX-5133 dihydrochloride) is a selective and potent novel cyclic boronic acid β-lactamase inhibitor with antimicrobial activity and significant inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria.Taniborbactam dihydrochloride inhibits KPC Taniborbactam dihydrochloride inhibits KPC-2, AmpC, OXA-48 and VIM-2 and can be used for the study of fungal infections.

PF-04753299 is a potent and selective inhibitor of UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristol)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC), demonstrating bactericidal effects against gonococcal isolates. It exhibits inhibitory activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 90 values of 2 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml, and 16 μg/ml, respectively. This compound is utilized in researching gram-negative bacterial infections [1].

MAC13243 HCl, an inhibitor of LolA, a periplasmic chaperone that transports lipoproteins from the inner membrane to the outer membrane, is an antimicrobial agent with specificity and significant inhibitory effects on Gram-negative bacteria.

Omadacycline (Amadacycline), a new tetracycline antibiotic, can inhibit the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.

Polymyxin B Sulfate (Poly-RX) is a mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B Sulfate (Poly-RX) is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.

Cephalexin (Cephacillin) is a cephalosporin antibiotic.

Meropenem (SM 7338) is a carbapenem antibiotic with broad spectrum of activity that is administered intravenously and used for severe bacterial infections due to sensitive agents. Meropenem is a common cause of mild transient aminotransferase elevations and can rarely result in clinically apparent, cholestatic liver injury.

Moxifloxacin (Avelox) is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that has been shown to be effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical strains, as well as multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Midecamycin (Medecamycin A1), an acetoxy-substituted macrolide antibiotic, has effective on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.

Thiostrepton (Alaninamide) is a one of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.

Polymyxin B nonapeptide, a cationic cyclic peptide derived by enzymatic processing from the naturally occurring peptide polymyxin B, is able to increase the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria toward hydrophobic antibiotics probab

Nonacosane is a straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component.

Nitrofurazone (Furacilin) is a topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone(NFZ) has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.

Paromomycin binds specifically to the RNA oligonucleotide at the A site of bacterial 30S ribosomes, thereby causing misreading and premature termination of translation of mRNA and inhibition of protein synthesis followed by cell death. Paromomycin Sulfate (Aminosidine sulfate) is the sulfate salt form of paromomycin, a structural derivative of neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with amebicidal and bactericidal effects against predominantly aerobic gram-negative bacteria.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hydroxybenzoate) is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols. It could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL.

Polymyxin B, an antibiotic, combats Gram-negative infections through high-affinity binding to the bacterial wall's lipopolysaccharides (LPS), neutralizing endotoxin effects and inducing bacterial cell death by enhancing permeability. It is utilized in endotoxemia research [1] [3].

Oxytetracycline (Terramycin) is a TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.

Tigecycline hydrate (GAR-936 hydrate) is a broad spectrum glycylcycline antibiotic. Tigecycline hydrate is bacteriostatic, that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and thereby blocking entry of Aminoacyl-tRNA into the A site of the ribosome during prokaryotic translation. Tigecycline hydrate is active against resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria .