CNS-5161 hydrochloride (CNS 5161A) is a new antagonist of NMDA ion-channel. It interacts with the NMDA receptor/ion channel site to produce a noncompetitive blockade of the actions of glutamate.

Aptiganel (CNS-1102) is a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, a peptide that may be used to study acute ischemic stroke.

CNS-11, a compound that disaggregates tau fibrils, is utilized in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research [1].

CNS-5788 is a potential ischemia-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ion-channel blocker

CNS-5161 is an NMDA antagonist.

Thurfyl salicylate is a reddening agent for the treatment of musculoskeletal, joint, periarticular, and soft tissue pain.

GSK805 is a potent, orally bioavailable retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonist that interacts with the receptor's putative ligand binding domain without exerting significant effects on DNA binding

Anisperimus (LF 15-0195) is an immunosuppressant that enhances activation-induced T-cell death by promoting caspase-8 and caspase-10 activation at the DISC level, and prevents CNS autoimmunity by promoting the development of Foxp3-expressing regulatory CD4 T cells.

AVN-101 is a potent 5-HT7 receptor antagonist.

BTRX-335140 (CYM-53093) is a potent and selective, orally active κ opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, has antagonist activity for κOR, μOR and δOR with IC50 values of 0.8 nM, 110 nM, and 6500 nM, respectively. BTRX-335140 can distribute well into the CNS. ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) . BTRX-335140 endows with favorable in vitro ADMET and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles and medication-like duration of action in rats.

Theophylline monohydrate (Quibron) appears to inhibit phosphodiesterase and prostaglandin production, regulate calcium flux and intracellular calcium distribution, and antagonize adenosine. Theophylline monohydrate is a natural alkaloid derivative of xanthine isolated from the plants Camellia sinensis and Coffea arabica. Physiologically, this agent relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle, produces vasodilation (except in cerebral vessels), stimulates the CNS, stimulates the cardiac muscle, induces diuresis, and increases gastric acid secretion; it may also suppress inflammation and improve contractility of the diaphragm.

Lamivudine (BCH-189) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

Ganciclovir (2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine) is an ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.

ABX-1431 (Elcubragistat) is a selective and orally available CNS-penetrant monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL/MGLL) inhibitor (IC50: 14 nM).

5-HT7 agonist 1 (4-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1H-indole) is a selective agonist of 5-HT7 (IC50 = 222.93 nM). 5-HT7 agonist 1 can be used in studies about CNS disorders.

Besipirdine (HP 749 free base) is a non-receptor-dependent cholinomimetic compound with alpha-adrenergic and cardiovascular activities.Besipirdine inhibits voltage-dependent sodium-potassium channels and inhibits biogenic amine uptake.Besipirdine reduces schedule-induced irritability and thirst and enhances cholinergic and adrenergic activity in the CNS in the rat. Besipirdine reduces schedule-induced thirst and enhances cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.

(Rac)-VU 6008667 is a selective negative allosteric modulator of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 5 (M5 NAM) with IC50 of 1.8 μM and pIC50 of 5.75, has high CNS penetration.

Org 13011 has CNS activity and induces conditioned taste aversion by mediating 5-HT 1A receptors.

BW-1370U87 is a reversible competitive monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor for the study of depression and other CNS disorders.

Davunetide acetate is derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein existing in the mammalian CNS. Davunetide acetate is a microtubule-stabilizing peptide and inhibits Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Davunetide acetate possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and cognitive protective properties.

SXC 2023 ((S)-2-acetamido-3-(4-methylbenzoylthio)propanoic acid) is a therapeutic prodrug of N-acetyl-L-cysteine for the treatment of CNS disorders and neurocognitive disorders, and can be used to treat glutamatergic dysfunction and psychiatric disorders in which oxidative stress plays a key role.

Neurotensin TFA (39379-15-2 free base) is an endogenous 13 amino acid neuropeptide with profound opioid-independent analgesic effects. It behaves as a neurotransmitter in the brain, as a hormone in the gut, and also as a neuromodulator. It is implicated in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders (including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, pain, cancer, inflammation, eating disorders, and central control of blood pressure) due to its association with a wide variety of neurotransmitter systems such as dopaminergic, sertonergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic systems. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mitogen, a neurotransmitter and a vulnerary.

VU6012962 is an orally bioavailable negative allosteric modulator of CNS-penetrant metabotropic glutamate receptor 7(mGlu7; IC50: 347 nM).

AGI-43192 is a potent methionine adenosine transferase 2A (MAT2A) inhibitor that penetrates the blood-brain barrier. AGI-43192 inhibits S-adenosine methionine (SAM) production metabolic enzyme and methionine adenosine transferase 2A (MAT2A), which has the potential to study the role of SAM regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) and the treatment of cancer diseases.

LRRK2-IN-7 is a selective, CNS permeable and potent LRRK2 kinase inhibitor (IC50: 0.9 nM) for the study of Parkinson's disease.

AGI-41998 is a potent inhibitor of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) that penetrates the blood-brain barrier.AGI-41998 inhibits s-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolizing enzymes and methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) for the treatment of cancer and for studying the role of SAM regulation in the central nervous system (CNS).

ARN 077 is a selective N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitor (IC50: 7 nM for human NAAA). ARN 077 significantly increases palmitoyl ethanolamine (PEA) levels within the CNS.

JNJ-54175446 (JNJ-5446) is a CNS-permeable and selective P2X7 receptor antagonist that attenuates the release of IL-1β/IL-18 from microglia, and may be used in the study of depression.

Sipatrigine (619C89) is an antiepileptic compound with neuroprotective activity through glutamate release, TREK ion channels, TRESK channels, sodium channels, and calcium channel inhibitors in the CNS, and can be used to study TRESK channels.

Firategrast (SB 683699) is an orally active and specific α4β1/α4β7 integrin antagonist.Firategrast reduces the transport of lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) and decreases multiple sclerosis (MS) activity.Firategrast is used in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Firategrast treatment is associated with a median cerebrospinal fluid associated with modest reductions in CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocyte counts.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a natural product from animals

CYM5442 is an S1P agonist, targeting to Sphingosine.

Desipramine hydrochloride (Norimipramine) ,a secondary amine tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), is the hydrochloride salt form of desipramine. In the central nervous system (CNS), Desipramine hydrochloride blocks the re-uptake of neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and serotonin. This leads to an increase in the amount of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft and prolongs their activities postsynaptically.

Serotonin hydrochloride (Serotonin HCl) is an endogenous 5-HT receptor agonist, a monoamine neurotransmitter in the CNS, and a catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor(Ki=44 μM).

Rosmanol has antioxidant activity, it can activate the antioxidant response element. Rosmanol has biphasic modulation of GABAA receptors, demonstrates CNS activity in mouse models of antinociception, antidepressant and anxiolysis. Rosmanol potently induce

mTOR inhibitor-11 (Compound 9) is a brain-penetrant compound capable of inhibiting mTOR with an IC50 of 21 nM for pS6. It also exhibits inhibitory activity against pCHK1 and PDE4D with IC50 values of 17.2 μM and 17.0 μM, respectively. This compound is utilized in CNS disease research [1].

LSP-GR3, a novel splice modulating oligomer (SMO) consisting of chemically-modified RNA oligonucleotides, potently and specifically directs the alternative splicing of GluR to promote GluR3-flip expression across the central nervous system (CNS).

Antiproliferative agent-26 (compound 4g) exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against leukemia, CNS cancers, melanoma, renal, and breast cancers at a concentration of 10 μM. It hinders colony formation and induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase at 5 μM, while arresting the cell cycle at the S phase at 25 μM [1].

Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, is a naturally-occurring peptide hormone of 14 or 28 amino acid residues that regulates the endocrine system. It is secreted by the D cells of the islets to inhibit the release of insulin and

2BAct is a novel eif2b activator, preventing neurological defects caused by a chronic integrated stress response

Compound 24, a 5-HT2 agonist-1, selectively activates 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors with IC50 values of 10 nM, 8.3 nM, and 1.6 nM, respectively. The free base form of this compound is utilized in research pertaining to depression, alcoholism, tobacco and cocaine addiction, inflammation, cluster headaches, PTSD, seizure disorders, and additional CNS disorders [1].

C3bot(154-182) TFA, a C3 peptide, facilitates spinal cord injury recovery by promoting regenerative growth of descending fiber tracts. It serves as a potential therapeutic agent to support axonal protection and/or repair, alongside functional recovery following traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury [1].

Peptide fragment corresponding to residues 1 - 40 of Nogo-66, the domain of the myelin protein Nogo that inhibits axonal outgrowth. Acts as a competitive antagonist at the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR); blocks Nogo-66- and CNS myelin-induced inhibition of axonal

Lu AF27139 is an effective and selective antagonist of P2X7 receptor (IC50s of 12 and 2.4 nM for human and rat, Kis of 22, 54, and 13 nM for mouse, human, and rat, respectively). Lu AF27139 can be used in CNS diseases studies.

Cholecystokinin (26-33) free acid, a part of cholecystokinin (CCK), is a highly selective ligand for CCKB-type receptors found in the vertebrate CNS and induces a mild taste aversion conditioned reflex in rats.

Ganglioside GM2 is a glycosphingolipid component of cellular membranes, primarily the plasma membrane. Levels of ganglioside GM2 are elevated in the brain of patients with Sandhoff disease, as well as feline and mouse models of the disease. Ganglioside GM2 accumulates in the lysosomes of individuals with Tay-Sachs disease and GM2-activator deficiency, as well as in the CNS of patients with and animal models of mucopolysaccharide storage disorders and Niemann-Pick disease types A, C1, and C2. Ganglioside GM2 mixture contains ganglioside GM2 molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (TFA) is a minor component of CNS myelin.

PDE10-IN-1 (SEP-0372814) is used for treating CNS and metabolic disorders.

WAY267464 is a nonpeptide small-molecule OT agonists with anxiolytic activity. WAY267464 may be used for modulation of potency, selectivity over the structurally similar vasopressin receptors, CNS penetration, and oral bioavailability.

Bryostatin 1 is a natural macrolide isolated from the bryozoan Bugula neritina and is a CNS)permeable PKC modulator. Bryostatin 1 binds to the isolated C1 domain of Munc13-1 and the full-length Munc13-1 protein (Kis: 8.07 nM and 0.45 nM).

FFN-102 (trifluoroacetate salt) is a synthetic biogenic neurotransmitter analog with pH-dependent fluorescence and electroactivity.