coupled

G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), known as a stem cell marker for colon cancer and gastric cancer, can serve as a novel GSC marker involved in EMT and a therapeutic target in glioma.LGR5 is a new functional GSC marker and prognostic indicator that can promote EMT by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and would thus be a novel therapeutic target for glioma.

Receptor for medium-chain free fatty acid (FFA) with carbon chain lengths of C9 to C14. Capric acid (C10:0), undecanoic acid (C11:0) and lauric acid (C12:0) are the most potent agonists. Not activated by short-chain and long-chain saturated and unsaturated FFAs. Activation by medium-chain free fatty acid is coupled to a pertussis toxin sensitive G(i/o) protein pathway. May have important roles in processes from fatty acid metabolism to regulation of the immune system. GPR84 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in yeast with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9NQS5.

GPR146 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in in vitro E. coli expression system.

Receptor for relaxin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins leading to stimulation of adenylate cyclase and an increase of cAMP. May also be a receptor for Leydig insulin-like peptide (INSL3). RXFP2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.1 kDa and the accession number is Q8WXD0.

Orphan receptor. Could be involved in modulating differentiation and maintaining homeostasis of epithelial cells. This retinoic acid-inducible GPCR provide evidence for a possible interaction between retinoid and G-protein signaling pathways. Functions as a negative modulator of EGFR signaling. May act as a lung tumor suppressor. GPRC5A Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.0 kDa and the accession number is Q8NFJ5.

Receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes mediating bronchoconstriction of individuals with and without asthma. Stimulation by LTD4 results in the contraction and proliferation of smooth muscle, edema, eosinophil migration and damage to the mucus layer in the lung. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinities for the leukotrienes is LTD4 >> LTE4 = LTC4 >> LTB4.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, a type of cell-based immunotherapy, have shown some promising results in multiple myeloma, a bone marrow cancer.The orphan G protein–coupled receptor, class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), normally expressed only in the hair follicle, Using quantitative immunofluorescence, we determined that GPRC5D protein is expressed on CD138 MM cells from primary marrow samples with a distribution that was similar to, but independent of, BCMA. GPRC5D Protein-VLP, Cynomolgus, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 35.10 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5W6I7.

CMKLR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.1 kDa and the accession number is Q99788.

Receptor for R-spondins that potentiates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and acts as a marker of multipotent stem cells in the epidermis. Upon binding to R-spondins (RSPO1, RSPO2, RSPO3 or RSPO4), associates with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. In contrast to classical G-protein coupled receptors, does not activate heterotrimeric G-proteins to transduce the signal. May act as a tumor suppressor.

Receptor for chemoattractant adipokine chemerin/RARRES2 suggesting a role for this receptor in the regulation of inflammation and energy homesotasis. Signals mainly via beta-arrestin pathway. Binding of RARRES2 activates weakly G proteins, calcium mobilization and MAPK1/MAPK3 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation too. Acts also as a receptor for TAFA1, mediates its effects on neuronal stem-cell proliferation and differentiation via the activation of ROCK/ERK and ROCK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

CD97 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 68.2 kDa and the accession number is P48960-2.

ADGRG1 (Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor G1, also known as GPR56) is a Protein Coding gene. GPR56 is a member of an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family with a very long N-terminal stalk and seven transmembrane domains. The encoded protein binds specifically to transglutaminase 2, a component of tissue and tumor stroma implicated as an inhibitor of tumor progression. GPR56 may be a target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GPR56 inhibits melanoma metastatic growth by impeding the expansion of micrometastases to macrometastases. GPR56 loss of function promotes mesenchymal differentiation and radioresistance of glioma initiating cells both in vitro and in vivo. Diseases associated with ADGRG1 include Polymicrogyria, Bilateral Frontoparietal, and Polymicrogyria, Bilateral Perisylvian, Autosomal Recessive.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6, also known as G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK6, GRK6, and GPRK6, is a lipid-anchor protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and GPRK subfamily. GRK6 / GPRK6 contains one AGC-kinase C-terminal domain, one protein kinase domain, and one RGS domain. This protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors thus initiating their deactivation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. GRK6 / GPRK6 is widely expressed. GRK6 / GPRK6 silencing causes suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation associated with a reduction in MCL1 levels and phosphorylation, illustrating a potent mechanism for the cytotoxicity of GRK6 inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) tumor cells. GRK6 also appears to be involved in responses to morphine. Inhibition of GRK6 represents a uniquely targeted novel therapeutic strategy in human multiple myeloma.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, a type of cell-based immunotherapy, have shown some promising results in multiple myeloma, a bone marrow cancer.The orphan G protein–coupled receptor, class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), normally expressed only in the hair follicle, Using quantitative immunofluorescence, we determined that GPRC5D protein is expressed on CD138 MM cells from primary marrow samples with a distribution that was similar to, but independent of, BCMA. GPRC5D Protein-VLP, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 39.90 kDa and the accession number is Q9JIL6-1.

Mast cell-specific receptor for basic secretagogues, i.e. cationic amphiphilic drugs, as well as endo- or exogenous peptides, consisting of a basic head group and a hydrophobic core. Recognizes and binds small molecules containing a cyclized tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), such as non-steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs), including tubocurarine and atracurium. In response to these compounds, mediates pseudo-allergic reactions characterized by histamine release, inflammation and airway contraction. Acts as a receptor for a number of other ligands, including peptides and alkaloids, such as cortistatin-14, proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptides PAMP-12 and, at lower extent, PAMP-20, antibacterial protein LL-37, PMX-53 peptide, beta-defensins, and complanadine A.

Facilitates the accumulation of zinc from the cytoplasm into intracellular vesicles, being a zinc-efflux transporter. May be a major component for providing zinc to insulin maturation and/or storage processes in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells. SLC30A8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.6 kDa and the accession number is Q8IWU4.

Orphan receptor. GPR146 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.4 kDa and the accession number is Q99LE2.

Facilitates the accumulation of zinc from the cytoplasm into intracellular vesicles, being a zinc-efflux transporter. May be a major component for providing zinc to insulin maturation and/or storage processes in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells. SLC30A8 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.0 kDa and the accession number is Q8BGG0.

CD97 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 42.6 kDa and the accession number is P48960-2.

GPR37 (cathepsin Z) is an orphan receptor that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. G protein-coupled receptors are a large protein family comprised of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. They only exist in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. These receptors are bonded and activated by light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters. These ligands vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein-coupled receptors are involved in many diseases and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. GPR37 is expressed in the brain and spinal cord, and at lower levels in the testis, placenta, and liver, but no detectable expression is observed in any other tissue. GPR37 may have a unique functional role in the central nervous system.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5, also known as G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5 and GRK5, is a member of the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and GPRK subfamily. GRKs specifically phosphorylate agonist-occupied G protein-coupled receptors at the inner surface of the plasma membrane (PM), leading to receptor desensitization. GRKs utilize a variety of mechanisms to bind tightly, and sometimes reversibly, to cellular membranes. GRKs play an important role in mediating agonist-specific desensitization of numerous G protein-coupled receptors.GRK5 contains one AGC-kinase C-terminal domain, one protein kinase domain, and one RGS domain. GRK5 specifically phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors. Phospholipid-stimulated autophosphorylation may represent a novel mechanism for membrane association and regulation of GRK5 activity. GRK5 deficiency significantly exaggerates microgliosis and astrogliosis in the presence of an inflammatory initiator, such as the excess fibrillar Abeta and the subsequent active inflammatory reactions. GRK5 deficiency has been linked to early Alzheimer's disease in humans and mouse models of the disease.

C1QTNF1 is a secreted protein，contains 1 C1q domain and 1 collagen-like domain. C1qTNF proteins constitute a highly conserved family of Acrp30/Adiponectin paralogs that share a modular organization comprising an N-terminal signal peptide, a short variable region, a collagenous domain and a C-terminal globular domain. C1qTNF proteins are predicted to have trimeric structures that assemble into hexameric and higher order molecular forms. C1QTNF1 is a novel adipokine, providing a significant framework to further address the physiological functions and mechanisms of the action of this family of secreted glycoproteins in normal and disease states. C1QTNF1 increases the production of aldosterone. C1QTNF1 is vastly expressed in obese subjects as well as up-regulated in hypertensive patients, C1QTNF1 is identified molecular link between obesity and hypertension. C1QTNF1 expression may be associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation status in adipose tissues.

GPR52 Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & KSI) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-KSI tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.4 kDa and the accession number is A6QLE7.

CXCR3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST & His) is expressed in E. coli.

CCR6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 12.9 kDa and the accession number is P51684.

Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and mediates the proliferation, survival and angiogenic activity of mesangial cells through a heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway. Probably promotes cell chemotaxis response. Binds to CCL21.

Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors, probably inducing a desensitization of them. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling. Competes with RALA for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of the receptor. Desensitizes LPAR1 and LPAR2 in a phosphorylation-independent manner. Positively regulates ciliary smoothened (SMO)-dependent Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by facilitating the trafficking of SMO into the cilium and the stimulation of SMO activity. Inhibits relaxation of airway smooth muscle in response to blue light.

RAMP3 belongs to the RAMP family. Members of this family are single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs have a wide biological distribution; high concentrations are found in the brain, lung, liver, heart and spleen with lower expression levels present in the testes, gastrointestinal tract and thyroid. RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. They are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of RAMP3 protein, CRLR functions as an adrenomedullin receptor.

Neurocalcin-delta (NCALD) is a neuronal calcium-binding protein that belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family. It expressed in mammalian brains. NCALD contains an N-terminal myristoylation signal and four EF-hand calcium binding loops. The protein possesses a Ca2+ /myristoyl switch. It is cytosolic at resting calcium levels. However, elevated intracellular calcium levels induce a conformational change which exposes the myristoyl group, resulting in protein association with membranes and partial co-localization with the perinuclear trans-golgi network. NCALD protein is thought to be a regulator of G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction.

Signal-Regulatory Protein Gamma (SIRPG) is a member of the signal-regulatory protein (SIRP) family and also belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. SIRPG is detected in the liver, and at very low levels in the brain, heart, lung, pancreas, kidney, placenta, and skeletal muscle. SIRPG is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor. On binding with CD47, SIRPG mediates cell-cell adhesion. Engagement on T-cells by CD47 on antigen-presenting cells results in enhanced antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and costimulates T-cell activation. SIRPG as receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins is involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes.

Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2(RARRES2) is a secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the RARRES2 gene. It is highly expressed in skin, also found in pancreas, liver, spleen, prostate, ovary, small intestine and colon. It is a chemoattractant protein that acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor CMKLR1. RARRES2 is secreted in an inactive form as prochemerin and is activated through cleavage of the C-terminus by inflammatory and coagulation serine proteases. It is thought to act as a cell surface receptor, found to stimulate chemotaxis of dendritic cells and macrophages to the site of inflammation. RARRES2 is inhibited in psoriatic lesions,it is activated by tazarotene in skin rafts and in the epidermis of psoriatic lesions.

G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Ligand binding triggers activation of a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased intracellular cAMP levels. Plays a role in regulating insulin secretion in response to GLP-1. GLP1R Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 18.3 kDa and the accession number is P43220.

G protein-coupled receptor for follitropin, the follicle-stimulating hormone. Through cAMP production activates the downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways. FSHR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.5 kDa and the accession number is P23945.

Catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate. Is coupled to the respiratory chain.

Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells.

Encapsidates the genome, protecting it from nucleases. The nucleocapsid (NC) has a helical structure. The encapsidated genomic RNA is termed the NC and serves as template for transcription and replication. During replication, encapsidation by N is coupled to RNA synthesis and all replicative products are resistant to nucleases. Human parainfluenza 4b virus (HPIV-4b) Nucleoprotein/NP Protein (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 68.5 kDa and the accession number is P17241.

Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G-protein coupled receptors. Seems to be also activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. TRPC1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 94.0 kDa and the accession number is Q61056.

Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells. Endothelin-1/EDN1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & KSI) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-KSI tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.8 kDa and the accession number is P22388.

THOP1, also known as Thimet oligopeptidase 1, Thimet oligopeptidase, EC 3.4.24.15, or EP24.15, is a zinc(II) endopeptidase implicated in the processing of numerous physiological peptides. As an intracellular enzyme, highly expressed in the brain, kidneys and neuroendocrine tissue, THOP1 has been proposed to metabolize peptides within cells, thereby affecting antigen presentation and G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. Its substrates is gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), an important hypothalamic hormone that regulates the synthesis and release of oestradiol and facilitates female sexual behaviour. THOP1 against toxic effects of Abeta in the early stages of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, and suggest that the observed increase in THOP1 expression might be part of a compensatory defense mechanism of the brain against an increased Abeta load.

VIP, or vasoactive intestinal peptide, is a neuropeptide of 28 amino acid residues that belongs to a glucagon/secretin superfamily, and it exerts its actions through three G-protein-coupled receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2). VIP is synthesized by trophoblast cells; it regulates trophoblast cell function and interaction with the major immune cell populations present in the pregnant uterus.

ATP1B1 belongs to the family of Na+/K+and H+/K+-ATPases beta chain proteins, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. ATP1B1 is a subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase. Na+/K+-ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. Na+/K+-ATPase is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). ATP1B1 regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane. ATP1B1 is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na+and K+ions across the plasma membrane.

Group XVI Phospholipase A1/A2 (PLA2G16) belongs to the H-rev 107 family. PLA2G16 is expressed in a number of human tumors including ovarian carcinomas, lung carcinomas. PLA2G16 is involved in the regulation of differentiation and survival. PLA2G16 regulates adipocyte lipolysis and release of fatty acids through a G-protein coupled pathway involving prostaglandin and EP3. It has also been reported to play a crucial role in the development of obesity in mouse models.

Reduces trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) into trimethylamine; an anaerobic reaction coupled to energy-yielding reactions.

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. HTR1F Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60.2 kDa and the accession number is P30939.

Catalyzes the cleavage of 5-oxo-L-proline to form L-glutamate coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. 5-oxoprolinase/OPLAH Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.4 kDa and the accession number is O14841.

G protein-coupled receptor for follitropin, the follicle-stimulating hormone. Through cAMP production activates the downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways. FSHR Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.0 kDa and the accession number is P23945.

Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8-dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase-9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a caspase-1-dependent inflammatory form of cell death and is the major constituent of the ASC pyroptosome which forms upon potassium depletion and rapidly recruits and activates caspase-1. In innate immune response believed to act as an integral adapter in the assembly of the inflammasome which activates caspase-1 leading to processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The function as activating adapter in different types of inflammasomes is mediated by the pyrin and CARD domains and their homotypic interactions. Required for recruitment of caspase-1 to inflammasomes containing certain pattern recognition receptors, such as NLRP2, NLRP3, AIM2 and probably IFI16. In the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes seems not be required but facilitates the processing of procaspase-1. In cooperation with NOD2 involved in an inflammasome activated by bacterial muramyl dipeptide leading to caspase-1 activation. May be involved in DDX58-triggered proinflammatory responses and inflammasome activation. In collaboration with AIM2 which detects cytosolic double-stranded DNA may also be involved in a caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8. In adaptive immunity may be involved in maturation of dendritic cells to stimulate T-cell immunity and in cytoskeletal rearrangements coupled to chemotaxis and antigen uptake may be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK2; the latter function is proposed to involve the nuclear form. Also involved in transcriptional activation of cytokines and chemokines independent of the inflammasome; this function may involve AP-1, NF-kappa-B, MAPK and caspase-8 signaling pathways. For regulation of NF-kappa-B activating and inhibiting functions have been reported. Modulates NF-kappa-B induction at the level of the IKK complex by inhibiting kinase activity of CHUK and IKBK. Proposed to compete with RIPK2 for association with CASP1 thereby down-regulating CASP1-mediated RIPK2-dependent NF-kappa-B activation and activating interleukin-1 beta processing. Modulates host resistance to DNA virus infection, probably by inducing the cleavage of and inactivating CGAS in presence of cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA.

Tryptase is the major neutral protease present in mast cells and is secreted upon the coupled activation-degranulation response of this cell type. May play a role in innate immunity. TPSAB1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.4 kDa and the accession number is P27435.

SIRPB1A (Signal-regulatory protein beta 1A), also known as SIRP beta 1, belongs to signal-regulatory-protein (SIRP) family, and immunoglobulin superfamily. Signal-regulatory proteins (SIRPs) are cell-surface glycoproteins expressed on myeloid and neural cells that have been shown to recruit SH2 domain-containing protein phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and SHP-2 and to regulate receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling. SIRP are classified as SIRP alpha molecules, containing 11- to 113-amino acid long, or SIRP beta molecules, with a 5-amino acid long intracytoplasmic domain. SIRP beta 1 is a new DAP12-associated receptor involved in the activation of myeloid cells, which contains a short cytoplasmic domain that lacks sequence motifs capable of recruiting SHP-1 and SHP-2. SIRP beta 1 acts as an activating isoform of SIRP alpha molecules, confirming the co-existence of inhibitory ITIM-bearing molecules, recruiting SHP-1 and SHP-2 protein tyrosine phosphatases, and activating counterparts, whose engagement couples to protein tyrosine kinases via ITAM-bearing molecules.s

TPSAB1, namely tryptase alpha/beta-1, is a serine protease with trypsin­like activity. TPSAB1 is the major neutral protease present in mast cells and is secreted upon the coupled activation-degranulation response of this cell type. It may play a role in innate immunity. Diseases associated with TPSAB1 include mastocytosis and systemic mastocytosis.