Leupeptin hemisulfate is a protease inhibitor with cell membrane-permeable, reversible, competitive, and oral activities. Leupeptin hemisulfate inhibits the activity of Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and Cathepsin L, and blocks fusion of amphipathic lysosomes. Leupeptin hemisulfate also has anti-inflammatory activity.

Bleomycin Sulfate (Blenoxane) is a glycopeptide antibiotic, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Bleomycin Sulfate causes DNA strand breaks but not RNA strand breaks. Bleomycin Sulfate has antitumor activity.

G-418 disulfate (Geneticin sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, an inhibitor of protein synthesis with eukaryotic selectivity. G-418 disulfate blocks peptide synthesis by inhibiting peptide chain elongation.

CCK Octapeptide, non-sulfated acetate is a synthetic desulfated peptide of cholecystokinin.

NFAT inhibitor, Cell Permeable aceate is a cell-permeable nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) inhibitor. It can be used for the research of podocyte and diabetic nephropathy.

Polymyxin B Sulfate (Poly-RX) is a mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B Sulfate (Poly-RX) is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.

Acetyl-Hirudin (54-65) (sulfated) directly binds to thrombin-rHCII(L444R) and hinders the interaction between the N-terminal acidic domain of rHCII and anion-binding exosite I of thrombin, which stabilizes the complex.

CCK (27-33) is a C-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. Non-sulfated CCK (27-33) inhibits binding of [3H]naloxone in rat cerebellum membranes (IC50 = 4 uM) and inhibits electrically-stimulated contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (IC50 = 17 uM), an effect that can be reversed by naloxone. Unlike sulfated CCK (27-33), the non-sulfated form does not reduce exploratory behavior in mice when administered at doses up to 1 uMol/kg.

CCK (26-31) is an N-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety.

NFAT Inhibitor acetate (VIVIT peptide acetate) is a cell-permeable and selective NFAT peptide inhibitor of calmodulin phosphatase-mediated NFAT dephosphorylation.

Sulfatides are endogenous sulfoglycolipids with various biological activities in the central and peripheral nervous systems, pancreas, and immune system. They are produced from the combination of ceramide and UDP-galactose in the endoplasmic reticulum followed by sulfation in the Golgi apparatus. The ceramide portion contains variable fatty acid chain lengths, which are tissue- and pathology-dependent. Sulfatides are primarily found in the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, with smaller chain lengths predominant during development and longer chain lengths predominant in mature cells. They accumulate in the lysosome of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, a disorder characterized by arylsulfatase A deficiency. Sulfatides are also located in pancreatic β-cells and inhibit insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islet cells, suggesting a potential role in diabetes. Sulfatides can induce inflammation in glia in vitro and certain sulfatides, such as C24:1 3'-sulfo-galactosylceramide, can induce an immune response in vitro in mouse splenocytes. Sulfatides (bovine) (sodium salt) is a mixture of isolated bovine sulfatides.

Non-sulfated form of the C-terminal octapeptide of CCK

[Thr28, Nle31]-Cholecystokinin (25-33) is a bioactive peptide analog of Cholecystokinin (CCK), functioning as both a hormone and neurotransmitter within the gastrointestinal system and central nervous system, with a role in satiation by inhibiting food intake. Compared to native CCK8, this analog displays enhanced stability in acidic environments and resistance to air oxidation, attributed to the substitution of Methionine with Threonine at position 28 and Norleucine at position 31. Structurally, its predominant feature is a gamma-turn at Thr4, followed by a Gly5-separated helical region encompassing the C-terminal residues.

Acetyl hexapeptide 38 Acetate, breast enhancement peptide, is a kind of acetylated hexapeptide, can significantly stimulate the use of the site of fat synthesis, increase the volume of the chest or cheek, shape the perfect body

Cholecystokinin Octapeptide, desulfated TFA, is a synthetic octapeptide derived from Cholecystokinin (CCK) that has undergone desulfation.

Capreomycin sulfate (Capastat sulfate) , a cyclic peptide antibiotic, binds to the 70S ribosomal unit leading to inhibition of protein synthesis.

(S)-Ethyl 2-amino-4-fluoro-4-methylpentanoate sulfate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T67199 and the CAS number is 848949-85-9.

Succinyl-(Pro58,D-Glu65)-Hirudin (56-65) (sulfated) is a hirugen-like peptide with greater thrombin affinity than Hirugen, exhibiting a dissociation constant (K D) of less than 100 nM. This compound acts as an antithrombotic agent, effectively inhibiting thrombin-induced fibrin clot formation with an inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 0.087 μM [1].

CCK (26-30) is an N-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. The sulfated form of CCK (26-30) inhibits binding of [125I]CCK-33 to guinea pig cortical membranes by 10% when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.

Colistin A sulfate hydrate, a key constituent of the polymyxin antibiotic Colistin, effectively combats infections from challenging gram-negative bacteria [1].

CCK (26-31) is an N-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. The sulfated form of CCK (26-31) inhibits binding of [125I]CCK-33 to guinea pig cortical membranes by 21% when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.

Colistin sulfate (Colistin sulfate (1066-17-7 free base)) is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus, composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2.

Caerulein, desulfated is the desulfurated form of Caerulein. Caerulein is a deceptide with the same five carboxy-terminal amino acids as gastrin and cholecystatin (CCK).

Caerulein, desulfated TFA is Caerulein after desulfurization.Caerulein is a deceptide with the same five carboxy-terminating amino acids as gastrin and cholecystatin (CCK)..

NFAT Inhibitor (VIVIT peptide) is a cell-permeable compound that selectively inhibits calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of NFAT.

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat is a pentapeptide that reduces fat intake.

Acetyl hexapeptide 38, breast enhancement peptide, is a kind of acetylated hexapeptide, can significantly stimulate the use of the site of fat synthesis, increase the volume of the chest or cheek, shape the perfect body

Adipokinetic Hormone (Apis mellifera ligustica, Bombyx mori, Heliothis zea, Manduca sexta), a peptide shared by diverse insects, elicits a potent adipokinetic/hypertrehalosemic response. Despite this, it lacks the function to mobilize glycogen and an adequate glycogen reserve in the fat body for effective utilization [1].

Cholecystokinin, a peptide hormone, functions as a hunger suppressant by inhibiting food intake and promoting the digestion of fat and protein, and is employed in gastrointestinal system research [1] [2] [3].

Adipokinetic hormone Gryllus bimaculatus (Grybi-AKH), an adipokinetic hormone, mobilizes lipids and carbohydrates from the insect fat body, effectively regulating energy homeostasis. It also enhances the locomotor activity of the two-spotted cricket and has potential applications in human medical studies for body weight regulation, weight loss induction, and the alleviation of glycogen storage disorders [1] [2] [3].

Pemvidutide, a dual GLP-1R/GCGR agonist, significantly lowers body weight, liver fat, and serum lipids, holding promise for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and obesity research [1].

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) has the sequence of H-Ser-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ser-Ser-Cys-Phe-Gly-Gly-Arg-OH, is a 28 amino acid peptide. ANP is a powerful vasodilator, and a protein (polypeptide) hormone secreted by heart muscle cells. It is involved in the hom

Enterostatin (rat), a procolipase activation peptide with oral activity, selectively diminishes fat consumption and lowers serum cholesterol through a CCK1 receptor-dependent mechanism [1] [2].

Obestatin is a 23 amino acid peptide hormone with a conserved C-terminal glycine residue and amidation site that is formed by cleavage of the ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide.1It binds to the orphan receptor GPR39 (Kd= 1 nM) and stimulates cAMP production in CHO and HEK293 cells overexpressing human GPR39. Obestatin inhibits contraction of isolated mouse jejunum muscle strips induced by ghrelin .In vivo, obestatin (12.5-1,000 nmol/kg) suppresses food intake in a time- and dose-dependent manner and reduces body weight gain and gastric emptying in mice. Obestatin (0.22 g per animal) also reduces food intake and glucose response without affecting plasma insulin responses in fasted high-fat diet fed mice.2 1.Zhang, J.V., Ren, P.C., Avsian-Kretchmer, O., et al.Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intakeScience310(5750)996-999(2005) 2.Subasinghage, A.P., Green, B.D., Flatt, P.R., et al.Metabolic and structural properties of human obestatin {1-23} and two fragment peptidesPeptides31(9)1697-1705(2010)

Tripeptide-41 (CG-Lipoxyn) is a bioactive peptide known for its ability to reduce fat accumulation. It has been utilized as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations [1].

Adipokinetic hormone I (Locusta migratoria) (Lom-AKH-I), an insect adipokinetic hormone (AKH), increases fat body cAMP levels in vitro. AKHs regulate the mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids from fat body stores for flight, through AKH receptor(s)' association with cAMP production and glycogen phosphorylase activation via the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gs) [1] [3].

Enterostatin (human, mouse, rat) TFA, a pentapeptide predominantly synthesized in the intestine from pancreatic procolipase cleavage, effectively decreases fat consumption, body weight, and body fat in vivo [1].

Chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of a VGF peptide named TLQP-21 increased resting energy expenditure and temperature in mice. Furthermore, in mice fed a high-fat diet, the same peptide prevented the increase in body and white adipose tissue

Tirzepatide acts as an agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119), effectively inducing cAMP production in HEK293 cells that express either human GLP-1R or GPR119, with EC50 values of 6.54 and 1.01 nM, respectively. Additionally, at a concentration of 100 nM, it triggers receptor internalization in these cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that tirzepatide, administered at 10 nmol/kg per day, significantly reduces body weight, food intake, as well as plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels, free fatty acids (FFAs), leptin, and blood glucose in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, a dose of 50 nmol/kg every three days prevents an increase in eosinophils and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inhibits bronchoconstriction prompted by methacholine in mice models of both asthma and diabetes, indicating its potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adipokinetic hormone II (Locusta migratoria) (Lom-AKH-II), an insect adipokinetic hormone (AKH), elevates fat body cAMP levels in vitro. These hormones (AKHs) regulate the mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids from fat body reserves for flight, by activating AKH receptor(s) that stimulate cAMP production and glycogen phosphorylase through the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gs) [1] [3].

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (porcine), also known as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is a 42-amino acid intestinal hormone that influences fat and glucose metabolism [1].

Cholecystokinin pentapeptide is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein.