Anti-Influenza agent 4 is a potent and selective inhibitor of influenza virus, inhibiting A/Parma and A/Roma strains with EC50s of 62 nM and 150 nM, respectively.

CEF8, Influenza Virus NP (383-391) is an influenza A virus nucleoprotein containing residues 383 to 391, is the most important HLA-B*2705-restricted epitope in the nucleoprotein of influenza A viruses and is associated with escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes-mediated immunity.HLA-B*3501 restricted influenza virus nucleoprotein epitope (383-391).

Influenza HA 126-138 acetate is a influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) peptide acetate comprising amino acids 126-138. Influenza HA 126-138 acetate induces thymic and peripheral T-cell apoptosis.

Influenza HA (110-119) acetate is the 110-119 fragment of influenza virus hemagglutinin that can stimulate Treg cells proliferation[1][2].

Influenza HA (126-138) is a peptide derived from the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza virus. It consists of amino acids 126-138 and has the ability to induce apoptosis in both thymic and peripheral T-cells.

Influenza Matrix Protein (61-72) is a peptide derived from the matrix protein of influenza viruses and encompasses amino acids 61-72. This specific epitope, Influenza Matrix Protein (61-72), has the ability to elicit a CD4+ T-cell response.

Anti-Influenza agent 5 (Compound IIB-2), a chalcone-like derivative, serves as an influenza nuclear export inhibitor. It effectively inhibits oseltamivir-resistant strains and hinders viral proliferation by obstructing the export of influenza virus nucleoprotein [1].

Influenza NP (311-325) is a biologically active peptide composed of amino acids 311 to 325 derived from the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP). As a bona fide MHC class II-restricted epitope, it is instrumental for studying host immune responses during viral infection. It notably induces robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in intracellular cytokine assays while not stimulating CD8 T-cells in mice. Additionally, the presence of Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) at the N-terminus can lead to the spontaneous formation of Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides, which may enhance peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases through the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu. Consequently, these peptides are considered a normal variant and factored into the peptide purity measurements in HPLC analysis.

Influenza HA (110-119) refers to a specific fragment (110-119) derived from the hemagglutinin protein of the influenza virus. This fragment has the ability to induce the proliferation of Treg cells.

Influenza A virus-IN-8 (S5), a macrocyclic peptide, exhibits no cytotoxicity and functions as a potent inhibitor of Influenza A Virus (IAV), demonstrating significant protease stability. It has IC50 values of 6.7 nM for H1 and 6.6 nM for H5 variants, indicating strong inhibitory effects. Furthermore, it has a high affinity for H1 variants, binding to a conserved region in the HA stem with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.0 nM [1].

Influenza virus-IN-7 (Example 16) is an orally active inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease, employed in research on influenza viral infectious diseases [1].

Influenza virus-IN-3 (compound 9) is a potent inhibitor of selective influenza viruses, acting on H5N1 (IC50: 0.88 μM), H5N2 (IC50: 0.10 μM), H5N6 (IC50: 5.5 μM), H5N8 (IC50: 0.51 μM). Influenza virus-IN-3 has antiviral and NA (neuraminidase) inhibitory effects and low cytotoxicity (CC50>200 μM).

Influenza A virus-IN-5 (Compound 16e) is a highly potent and orally active agent against the influenza A virus (IAV), exhibiting an IC 50 of 1.29 μM. It effectively inhibits the transcription and replication of viral RNA while maintaining acceptable levels of cytotoxicity [1].

Influenza A virus-IN-7 (compound 16r) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of influenza A virus (IC50: 3.43 μM, CC50>100 μM). Influenza A virus-IN-7 is an anti-IAV agent with low cytotoxicity and inhibits viral RNA transcription and replication.

Influenza virus-IN-2 (compound 19) has anti-influenza A virus activities that is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus with an CC 50 of 150.85 μM and EC 50 of 2.58 μM. Influenza virus-IN-2 concentration-dependently inhibits the PAN endonuclease with EC 50 of 489.39 nM [1].

PA (224-233), Influenza is a 10-aa peptide, which is a fragment of polymerase 2 protein in Influenza a virus.

Influenza Hemagglutinin is an HLA-DRB 0101-restricted epitope from influenza hemagglutinin (307-319).

Anti-Influenza agent 3 (compound 11h) is a potent anti-influenza agent with low cytotoxicity for MDCK epithelial cells. Anti-Influenza agent 3 inhibits the M2 WT and S31N ion channel conductivity. Anti-Influenza agent 3 has EC50 value of 3.29 μM for A/HK/68 (H3N2, M2-WT) and EC50 value of 2.45 μM for A/WSN/33 (H1N1, M2-S31N) strain [1].

Influenza A virus fragment has the RNA sequence of Leu-Lys-Phe-Ala-Phe-Ser-Met-Met.

This peptide is a H2-Db-restricted epitope from Influenza nucleoprotein (147-155).

CEF1, Influenza Matrix Protein M1 (58-66) is an epitope derived from the matrix protein of the influenza A virus.GILGFVFTL is a HLA-A2-restricted epitope from influenza matrix M1 protein.

Influenza A virus-IN-4 (compound 23b), a derivative of Oseltamivir, is a highly effective neuraminidase inhibitor. It exerts potent inhibitory effects on influenza viruses [1].

Influenza virus-IN-5 (Compound 5f) is an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitor that acts on the A/H3N2 virus (EC50: 1 nM).

Influenza A virus-IN-6 (compound 16j) is a potent and selective inhibitor of influenza A virus （IC 50= 3.88 μM, CC50= 36.64 μM). Influenza A virus-IN-6 exhibits anti-IAV activity with low cytotoxicity.

NS2 (114-121), Influenza, is a fragment derived from the nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) of the influenza virus. This compound serves as an epitope for influenza research and can be utilized to study the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in antiviral immune responses.

This peptide is an H2-Db-restricted epitope from the Influenza A/PR/8/34 nucleoprotein.

Influenza virus-IN-6 (Compound 35) serves as a potent inhibitor targeting the N-terminal domain of the polymerase acidic protein (PA N ) endonuclease subunit of the influenza virus, exhibiting an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50 ) value of 0.20 μM [1].

Influenza HA (518-526) is an immunodominant epitope in H2d mice after flu virus infection.

Influenza virus-IN-4 (compound 11e) is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, acting on H5N1 (IC50: 3.4 μM), H5N2 (IC50: 0.094 μM), H5N6 (IC50: 0.79 μM) and H5N8 (IC50: 0.077 μM). Influenza virus-IN-4 inhibits NA (neuraminidase) and has low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 200 μM). influenza virus-IN-4 is not significantly toxic to mice at 1500 mg/kg.

Partial antigenic glycoprotein

HLA-B*08 restricted influenza virus nucleoprotein epitope.

This peptide is a H-2Kd-restricted epitope from Influenza nucleoprotein (147-155).

Influenza A virus-IN-1, a dihydropyrrolidones derivative, is a highly effective inhibitor of various subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) with IC 50 values ranging from 3.11 μM to 7.13 μM. It effectively suppresses IAV replication and enhances the expression of key antiviral cytokines, such as IFN-β, and the antiviral protein MxA.

Influenza virus-IN-1 (compound 14) exhibits anti-influenza A virus activities which is a potent inhibitor of influenza A virus with an CC 50 of >200 μM and EC 50 of 2.46 μM. Influenza virus-IN-1 exhibits a concentration dependent inhibition activity for PAN endonuclease (EC 50 = 312.36 nM) [1].

Influenza hemagglutinin is a type of hemagglutinin found on the surface of the influenza viruses. It is an antigenic glycoprotein. It is responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected. Influenza hemagglutinin proteins bind to cells w

Vadimezan (DMXAA) is a vascular disrupting agent, a murine STING agonist, and an inducer of cytokines such as type I IFN. Vadimezan has antitumor activity and induces a rapid cessation of blood flow in tumors without affecting blood flow in normal tissues.

Curcumin (Natural Yellow 3) is a phenolic natural product, an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase p300/CREB (IC50=25 μM) with specificity. Curcumin has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

Molnupiravir (MK-4482) (EIDD-2801) is a prodrug of the ribonucleoside analog EIDD-1931 which is orally bioavailable. Molnupiravir can be used in COVID-19, seasonal and pandemic influenza research that has broad spectrum antiviral activity against multiple coronaviruses and influenza virus, for example, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV [1][2].

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

Nuezhenidic acid is a natural product, posseses inhibitory activities against influenza A virus.

Favipiravir (T-705) (T-705), an effective and selective RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, are applied to treat influenza virus infections.

1. Hypericin (Cyclosan) has antineoplastic activity. 2. Hypericin has antibiotic and antiviral activities. 3. Hypericin has antidepressive activity through inhibiting monoamine oxidase enzyme. 4. Hypericin inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis via affecting ERK signalling in vitro and suppresses wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo.

1. Chelidonine (Stylophorin) isolated from Chelidonium majus efficiently induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through possible alteration of p38-p53 and AKT/PI3 kinase signalling pathways. 2. Chelidonine is a promising model compound for overcoming MDR and for enhancing cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics, especially against leukaemia cells, its efficacy needs to be confirmed in animal models. 3. Chelidonine may be a potential therapeutic agent against metastasis of invasive human cancer cells, exhibits antimigratory and antiinvasive effects in MDA-MB-231 cells, by suppressing COL-induced integrin signaling, through inhibiting the formation of the IPP complex and subsequent downregulation of IPP downstream signaling molecules, such as Akt and ERK1/2.

Coumarin is a chemical compound/poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin.

Salcomine (NSC-32965) shows anti-influenza virus activity.

Tubercidin (Sparsomycin A), an adenosine analogue, is a nucleoside antibiotic. It is incorporated into DNA and inhibits polymerases, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also exhibits antifungal and antiviral activities.

Sophocarpine monohydrate, a major ingredient of Sophora alopecuroides, has a wide range of pharmacological effects.

AEBSF hydrochloride (Pefabloc SC) is an irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases, such as chymotrypsin, kallikrein, thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin.

Desaminotyrosine (3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid) is a microbially associated metabolite. Desaminotyrosine protects from influenza through augmentation of type I interferon signaling.

Glycitin (Glycitein 7-O-β-glucoside), a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes, can promote the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.