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Caspase-3 Inhibitor I (N-acetyl-asp-glu-val-asp-al) is a specific inhibitor of Caspase-3.

Z-FY-CHO (Z-Phe-Tyr-CHO) is a specific and potent cathepsin L (CTSL) inhibitor [1][2].

Z-Pro-Pro-CHO acts as a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.16 μM for human prolyl oligopeptidase and 0.01 μM for Schistosoma mansoni prolyl oligopeptidase [1].

Ac-IETD-CHO is a potent, reversible inhibitor of granzyme B and caspase 8, which also impedes Fas-mediated apoptosis, hemorrhagic conditions, and liver failure. Furthermore, this compound hampers cell death induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes [1] [2].

CHO-CH2-PEG1-CH2-Boc is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs that joins two essential ligands, crucial for forming PROTAC molecules, enabling selective protein degradation by leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO is a caspase inhibitor targeting caspases 4, 5, and 9, demonstrating protective effects in MCF-7 cells treated with Neocarzinostatin [1].

Ac-ESMD-CHO functions as an inhibitor of both caspase-3 and caspase-7, specifically obstructing the proteolytic cleavage of the caspase-3 precursor peptide (CPP32) at the Glu-Ser-Met-Asp (ESMD) site [1] [2].

Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-DEVD-CHO (DEVD-CHO-CPP 32) is a potent and reversible inhibitor of caspase-3 [1].

IETD-CHO TFA (Caspase-8-IN-1) functions as a potent inhibitor of caspase-8 [1].

Ac-DEVD-CHO is a specific Caspase-3 inhibitor (Ki: 230 pM) with inhibitory effects on SLNT-induced apoptosis.

CHO-C-PEG2-C-CHO is a PEG-based linker for PROTACs that connects two essential ligands necessary for forming PROTAC molecules, enabling selective protein degradation by leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.

Ac-IETD-CHO TFA is a granzyme B and caspase-8 inhibitor that inhibits caspase8 activity by blocking caspase3 precursor cleavage.Ac-IETD-CHO TFA inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis.

Ac-Val-Ala-Asp-CHO (Ac-VAD-CHO) serves as a pan-caspase inhibitor and preserves mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) while preventing the release of cytochrome c in cells subjected to hypoxia [1].

2H-Cho-Arg is a steroid-based cationic lipid that contains a 2H-cholesterol skeleton coupled to an L-arginine head group and can be used to facilitate gene transfection. It forms a complex with plasmid DNA (pDNA) and decreases pDNA migration in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay at +/- charge ratios of 4 or higher. 2H-Cho-Arg facilitates transfection of a luciferase gene into H1299 cells, an effect that is reversed by the lipid raft-mediated endocytosis inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin and the caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitor genistein , but not by inhibitors of clathrin- or micropinocytosis-mediated endocytosis. It induces cytotoxicity in H1299 cells (IC50 = 92.7 μg/ml).

Ac-VDVAD-CHO is an inhibitor of caspase-2 and caspase-3 (IC50: 46 nM for caspase-2 and 15 nM for caspase-3) [1].

Ac-YVAD-CHO (L-709049) acetate is a potent, reversible, and specific tetrapeptide interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor, also demonstrating specificity for caspase-1. It exhibits K_i values of 3.0 nM in mice and 0.76 nM in humans, underscoring its efficacy. Additionally, Ac-YVAD-CHO acetate inhibits the production of mature IL-1β, highlighting its therapeutic potential [1] [2] [3].

Boc-AEVD-CHO, a selective Caspase 8 inhibitor, facilitates apoptosis research and the investigation of immune and inflammatory diseases [1] [2].

Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-YVAD-CHO is a cell-permeable inhibitor of caspase-1 exhibiting antitumor activity [1].

YVAD-CHO is an inhibitor of interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE, caspase 1) that has been shown to partially mitigate motoneuron death in mice with lesioned facial nerves [1].

Ac-DNLD-CHO (Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-CHO) is an inhibitor of Caspase-3 7, with IC50 values of 9.89 nM and 245 nM, and approximate Ki values of 0.68 nM and 55.7 nM, respectively. This compound is utilized in the study of diseases associated with caspase-mediated apoptosis, including neurodegenerative and viral infection diseases [1].

Z-LLF-CHO (Z-Leu-Leu-Phe-CHO) effectively inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the pituitary multicatalytic proteinase complex with a Ki value of 460 nM and also serves as an inhibitor of NF-κB nuclear translocation, as documented in references [1] [2].

L 709049 is a biologically active compound that is a selective inhibitor of interleukin-1β converting enzyme (Caspase-1). Caspase inhibitors interfere with the initiation of apoptosis and have multiple clinical applications.

Z-LLNle-CHO is a cell permeable inhibitor of gamma-secretase. Z-LLNle-CHO induces apoptosis of human glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells by proteasome inhibition and mitotic arrest response.

AC-VEID-CHO (TFA) is a peptide-derived inhibitor targeting Caspases-6, -3, and -7, with IC50 values of 16.2 nM, 13.6 nM, and 162.1 nM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory potency and is applicable in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease [1].

Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEVD-CHO is a cell-permeable caspase-4 inhibitor with demonstrated antitumor activity [1].

Cho-Arg is a steroid-based cationic lipid that contains a cholesterol skeleton coupled to an L-arginine head group. It forms a complex with plasmid DNA and decreases plasmid DNA migration in an agarose-gel retardant assay at charge ratios greater than or equal to 4. Cho-Arg facilitates transfection of plasmid DNA into H1299 and HeLa cells in the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum, an effect that is reversed by the lipid raft-mediated endocytosis inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin and the caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitor genistein . It is cytotoxic to H1299 cells (IC50 = 88.5 μg/ml).

Z-Gly-Pro-Phe-Leu-CHO (Z-GPFL-CHO) is a tetrapeptide aldehyde that acts as a selective and potent proteasome inhibitor, with inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.5 µM for branched-chain amino acid-preferred, 2.3 µM for small neutral amino acid-preferred, and 40.5 µM for chymotrypsin-like activities, and an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.1 µM for peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing activity [1].

MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) is a cell-permeable, reversible 26S proteasome inhibitor (IC50=100 nM) that functions as an autophagy activator and induces apoptosis.

1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-Hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a phosphocholine utilized in the design of fluorescent probes.

3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid that, when administered orally, demonstrates good tolerability and intestinal absorption. It can undergo enzymatic isomerization in the intestine and liver, producing UDCA.

Hyodeoxycholic acid (NSC 60672) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia.

Cholesteryl linoleate is the major cholesteryl ester in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions. It is present in LDL as a cholesteryl ester that is oxidized to form cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides using LDL receptor-associated proteins that are transferred to the plasma membranes of macrophages and CHO cells expressing 15-lipoxygenase.

1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) is a phospholipid containing the unsaturated long-chain (18:1) oleic acid inserted at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid.

Bethanechol chloride (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. It is used to increase smooth muscle tone in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or to treat urinary retention without obstruction. Possible side effects include hypotension, heart rate changes, and bronchial spasm.

cholesterol-absorption inhibitor Intermediate 2 is a potent and orally active cholesterol absorption inhibitor that reduces blood cholesterol levels.

Cholesteryl palmitic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination of steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides).

Chondroitin sulfate (Chonsurid) is extracted from shark bone;Store the product in sealed, cool and dry condition

Sodium taurocholate (Taurocholate Sodium) hydrate is the main end product of cholesterol catabolism. During enterohepatic circulation, bile taurocholic acid is converted by the microorganisms to taurodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid.[3] These are reabsorbed by the liver via a carrier-mediated process and converted by liver enzymes to taurocholic acid.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can be used to dissolve gallstones and reduce cholesterol absorption.

Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid (Lithocholylglycine) is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid, a bile acid. It is increased in livers of mice that are fed diets supplemented with ursadeoxycholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid levels are decreased in lean mice treated with obestatin. Serum glycolithocholic acid levels increase with age in children.

Cholesteryl Acetate is a cholesterol ester obtained from the esterification of the hydroxyl group of cholesterol with acetic acid. It functions as a metabolite in the human body and is both a cholesterol ester and an acetate ester.

Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (TUDC) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor, used for the treatment of gallstones and liver cirrhosis.

Cinchonidine (L-Cinchonidine) is an alkaloid extracted from Cinchona officinalis. It is a pseudo-enantiomer and stereoisomer of cinchonine.

Carbachol (Carbamoylcholine chloride), an analog of acetylcholine, serves as a valuable tool in the investigation of various physiological responses mediated by nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic (mAChR) acetylcholine receptors. These responses include smooth muscle contraction, gut motility, and neuronal signaling. Known for its agonistic properties, Carbachol activates both nAChR and mAChR, with reported Ki values ranging from 10 to 10,000 nM for different receptor types and experimental preparations.

Cholic Acid (Cholate) is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.