cognitive

Fipexide (Attentil, Vigilor), a psychoactive drug of the piperazine chemical class, was developed in Italy in 1983. It was served as a nootropic drug in France and Italy, mainly for the therapy of senile dementia, but is no longer in common use because of the occurrence of rare drug side-effects including hepatitis and fever.

Piracetam (UCB-6215), a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is used in therapy of the extensive cognitive disorders.

Omberacetam (Noopept) is a synthetic dipeptide that has been shown to produce positive nootropic and cognitive effects in animal models by a mechanism similar to other related racetam compounds.

Amantadine hydrochloride (CI-719) is an antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A and Parkinson disease.

D-Cycloserine (RO-1-9213) is a broad spectrum antibiotic used as a second line agent for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, always in combination with other antituberculosis agents.

(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid is a small molecule compound isolated from the rhizome of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R. M. Sm. It is a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor with hepatoprotective, antiamnesic, and cognitive enhancement activities, and it can be used to lower blood pressure sugar.

Guanfacine hydrochloride (Intuniv) is a centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

2,3-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (2',3'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone) is a natural product,it improves cognitive function and may be helpful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

IDRA-21 is a positive AMPA receptor modulator.

Parecoxib (SC 69124) is an effective and selective COX-2 inhibitor.

Acesulfame potassium is a non-nutritive sweetener.

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride) is a nutritional supplement composed of the hydrochloride salt form of the acetylated form of the endogenously produced L-carnitine, with potential neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, anti-depressive and immunomodulating activities. It may also relieve peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy, diabetes or other diseases. In addition, acetyl-L-carnitine may modulate the immune response by increasing T-lymphocytes maturation and may downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. It may also disrupt the ACE2 signaling pathway and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Cefazolin is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin that has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

Cefazolin sodium (cephazolin sodium) salt binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Cefazolin sodium salt is the sodium salt of cefazolin, a beta-lactam antibiotic and first-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity, which results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis.

Sarcosine (Methylglycine) is a competitive inhibitor of the type I glycine transporter (GlyT1) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist.

Amantadine (1-Aminoadamantane) is an antiviral, is a weak antagonist of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, increases dopamine release, and blocks dopamine reuptake.

Escitalopram Oxalate ((S)-(+)Citalopram oxalate) is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with Ki of 0.89 nM.

CRL-40940 is a selective dopaminergic reuptake inhibitor

Sunifiram (DM-235) is a potent nootropic agent, known for enhancing cognitive functions, memory, and learning abilities through modulating neurotransmitter activity, particularly via the AMPA receptor.

1. Nootkatone can provide effective tick control. 2. (+)-Nootkatone has antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activities. 3. Nootkatone can prevent obesity and improve physical performance through AMPK activation in skeletal muscle and liver.

Atomoxetine hydrochloride (LY 139603) is the hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine, a phenoxy-3-propylamine derivative and selective non-stimulant, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with cognitive-enhancing activity. Although its precise mechanism of action is unknown, atomoxetine appears to selectively inhibit the pre-synaptic norepinephrine transporter, resulting in inhibition of the presynaptic reabsorption of norepinephrine and prolongation of norepinephrine activity in the synaptic cleft. The effect on cognitive brain function may result in improved attention and decreased impulsivity and activity levels.

1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-one hydrochloride is a cholinergic agent that inhibits choline metabolism, which leads to increased levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which in turn enhances cognitive function and memory.

TZ3O is an anticholinergic compound with neuroprotective activity.TZ3O ameliorates memory impairment and cognitive decay in Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type model in rats, and can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Egis-11150 is an anti-neuropathy compound with pro-cognitive effects.

BL-1020 Mesylate (CYP-1020 Mesylate) is an orally available GABA A receptor agonist and D2 antagonist that decreases dopamine activity and enhances GABAA activity.BL-1020 Mesylate has been used in the study of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and bi-directional cognitive impairment.

SIB 1553A is an orally available and selective agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are subtype-selective ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.SIB-1553A is a cognitive enhancer that may be used in the study of neurodegenerative-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Golexanolone (Golexanolona) is a novel GABA-A receptor-modulating steroid antagonist that reduces peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and motor function in rats with chronic hyperammonemia, and may be used to study hepatic encephalopathy.

NGD 94-1 is a selective D4 receptor antagonist with an affinity of 3 nM for the D4 receptor and greater than 2 pM for the D1, D2, D3, and D5 receptors.NGD 94-1 can be used in the study of cognitive disorders and other psychiatric disorders.

SB 258585 is a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist.SB 258585 has a high affinity for individual receptor populations in cell lines with human recombinant 5-HT6 receptors.SB 258585 can be used to label both recombinant and natural 5-HT6 receptors, and can be used to assay cognitive enhancement and antipsychotic activity.

BRD4097, a negative control in the HDAC1/2/3/8 assay, is a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC3) inhibitor that can be used to protect b-cells and improve insulin resistance, help promote cognitive function and enhance learning and memory formation.

Dalzanemdor (SAGE-718) is an NMDA receptor-positive modulator of metabolism that can be used to study Huntington's chorea, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive dysfunction.

GSK-239512 is an antagonist of H3 receptor and can be used in studies about the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.

TA-03 (7-Meota) is a potent inhibitor of AChE in treatment of cognitive manifestation of AD.

BMY-21502 is a potential cognitive enhancer that shows anti-hypoxia effects in the KCN-hypoxia model, delays the decay of hippocampal synaptic enhancement in vitro, and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease.

SK609 HCl (SK609 hydrochloride) is a dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) selective agonist that inhibits norepinephrine transporter proteins and can be used to study Parkinson's disease and cognitive disorders.

MK-0249 FA is an orally active, selective and potent histamine H3 inverse agonist for the study of attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder neurodivergent and cognitive disorders in adults.

2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate is a pro-neurotropic drug used to enhance cognitive function by increasing the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the brain as well as by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase.

Sabeluzole (R-58735) has antiepileptic and cognitive enhancing effects, inhibits neurotoxin-induced tau expression and cell death.Sabeluzole is protective against chlordiazepoxide-induced habituation disorders and may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Davunetide acetate is derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein existing in the mammalian CNS. Davunetide acetate is a microtubule-stabilizing peptide and inhibits Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Davunetide acetate possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and cognitive protective properties.

Lecozotan HCl (SRA-333) is a potent and selective 5-HT antagonist that significantly enhances KCl-stimulated glutamate and acetylcholine release from the hippocampal dentate gyrus and has cognitive enhancing properties. Chronic administration of Lecozotan HCl did not induce 5-HT(1A) receptor tolerance or desensitization in a behavioral model demonstrating 5-HT(1A) receptor function.

L-Clausenamide is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the yellow bark (Clausena lansium (Lour) skeels) and can be used to improve cognitive function. L-Clausenamide inhibits beta-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity and prevents the formation of neurofibrillary tangles by inhibiting tau phosphorylation. L-Clausenamide has neuroprotective activity and can be used to modulate stimuli triggered by Aβ25-35. L-Clausenamide can be used to study neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

CP-810123 is a new alpha 7 nAChR agonist for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with psychiatric or neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

Dimiracetam (NT-11624) is an orally active anti-neuropathy compound that inhibits hypersensitivity and neurological alterations and may be used in the study of cognitive disorders, depression and neuropathic pain.

ABT-418 hydrochloride is a selective agonist of nAChRs with cognitive enhancing and anxiolytic activities. It activates cholinergic channel and can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.

RS 56812 is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and agonist used in the study of cognitive disorders.

PQCA is a muscarinic M1 receptor-positive allosteric regulator, which is highly selective and effective. PQCA exhibited EC50 values of 49 nM in rhesus monkey and 135 nM in human M1 receptors, but showed no activity against other muscarinic receptors. PQCA is a potential compound for reducing cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.

S 18986 is a selective, orally active, brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-type receptors that enhances cognition in rodents by inducing the release of noradrenaline and acetylcholine in the rat hippocampus, subsequently improving object-recognition memory.

Luvadaxistat (TAK-831) is an orally active, potent and highly selective inhibitor of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) with an IC50 value of 14 nM for the oxidative deamination of D-serine.Luvadaxistat is used in the study of schizophrenia and cognitive disorders.

SKF83959, a benzazepine analog, is a selective and potent partial agonist of the dopamine D1 receptor with Ki values of 1.18, 7.56, 920, and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2, and D3 receptors, respectively.SKF83959 is a potent variant modulator of the sigma (σ)-1 receptor, which ameliorates cognitive dysfunction for the study depression and Alzheimer's disease.

RS 56812 hydrochloride is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and agonist, and may be used in the study of cognitive disorders.

Guanfacine is a selective agonist of the α2A receptor.

THK5351 R enantiomer is an R enantiomer of THK5351.