RPRD1B, together with RPRD1A, can accompany RNAP II from promoter regions to 3'-untranslated regions during transcription in vivo, predominantly interact with phosphorylated RNAP II, and can reduce CTD S5- and S7-phosphorylated RNAP II at target gene promoters. RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation is important for various transcription-related processes. RPRD1B is a transcriptional regulator that enhances expression of CCND1. It also enhances the transcription of a number of other cell cycle-related genes including CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin-E but not CDKN1A, CDKN1B or cyclin-A.

Transcription factor that either stimulates or represses gene transcription through binding of different DNA regulatory elements such as cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), ATF5-specific response element (ARE) (consensus: 5'-C[CT]TCT[CT]CCTT[AT]-3') but also the amino acid response element (AARE), present in many viral and cellular promoters. Critically involved, often in a cell type-dependent manner, in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Its transcriptional activity is enhanced by CCND3 and slightly inhibited by CDK4. Important regulator of the cerebral cortex formation, functions in cerebral cortical neuroprogenitor cells to maintain proliferation and to block differentiation into neurons. Must be down-regulated in order for such cells to exit the cycle and differentiate. Participates in the pathways by which SHH promotes cerebellar granule neuron progenitor cells proliferation. Critical for survival of mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSN), directs expression of OSN-specific genes. May be involved in osteogenic differentiation. Promotes cell proliferation and survival by inducing the expression of EGR1 sinergistically with ELK1. Once acetylated by EP300, binds to ARE sequences on target genes promoters, such as BCL2 and EGR1. Plays an anti-apoptotic role through the transcriptional regulation of BCL2, this function seems to be cell type-dependent. Cooperates with NR1I3/CAR in the transcriptional activation of CYP2B6 in liver. In hepatic cells, represses CRE-dependent transcription and inhibits proliferation by blocking at G2/M phase. May act as a negative regulator of IL1B transduction pathway in liver. Upon IL1B stimulus, cooperates with NLK to activate the transactivation activity of C/EBP subfamily members. Besides its function of transcription factor, acts as a cofactor of CEBPB to activate CEBPA and promote adipocyte differentiation. Regulates centrosome dynamics in a cell-cycle- and centriole-age-dependent manner. Forms 9-foci symmetrical ring scaffold around the mother centriole to control centrosome function and the interaction between centrioles and pericentriolar material.

Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of different PI3K complex forms that mediate formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex forms. Involved in endocytosis including endosome formation in neuronal cells. May play a role in antiviral host defense.; Beclin-1-C 35 kDa localized to mitochondria can promote apoptosis; it induces the mitochondrial translocation of BAX and the release of proapoptotic factors.

Receptor for chemoattractant adipokine chemerin/RARRES2 suggesting a role for this receptor in the regulation of inflammation and energy homesotasis. Signals mainly via beta-arrestin pathway. Binding of RARRES2 activates weakly G proteins, calcium mobilization and MAPK1/MAPK3 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation too. Acts also as a receptor for TAFA1, mediates its effects on neuronal stem-cell proliferation and differentiation via the activation of ROCK/ERK and ROCK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Recruiter that couples transcriptional factors to general transcription apparatus and thereby modulates transcription regulation and chromatin formation. Can both act as an activator or a repressor depending on the context. Mediates MBD1-dependent transcriptional repression, probably by recruiting complexes containing SETDB1. The complex formed with MBD1 and SETDB1 represses transcription and probably couples DNA methylation and histone H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation (H3K9me3) activity (Probable). ATF7IP2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 81.7 kDa and the accession number is Q5U623.

May play a role in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Binds cholesterol in cholesterol-containing plasma membrane microdomains and may play a role in the organization of the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells. During early retinal development acts as a key regulator of disk morphogenesis. Involved in regulation of MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. In neuroblastoma cells suppresses cell differentiation such as neurite outgrowth in a RET-dependent manner.

Regulation of plaque size and host range. In this strain the truncated ps/hr protein is probably not functional. Vaccinia virus (strain LC16m8) B5 Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.6 kDa and the accession number is P24284.

Tumor metastasis depends on the dynamic regulation of cell adhesion through β1-integrin. The Cub-Domain Containing Protein-1, CDCP1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein which regulates cell adhesion. Overexpression and loss of CDCP1 have been observed in the same cancer types to promote metastatic progression. CDCP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 30-368, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.03 kDa and the accession number is Q9H5V8-1.

The Notch signaling pathway is important for cell-cell communication; it is involved in gene regulation mechanisms that control multiple cell differentiation processes during embryonic and adult life. Notch-4 expression correlates with Ki67. Notch-4 also plays a key role in breast cancer stem-like cells.

CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a CXC soluble chemokine, an adhesion molecule and a cell surface scavenger receptor. CXCL16 regulates inflammation, tissue injury and fibrosis. Parenchymal renal cells, vascular wall cells, leukocytes and platelets express and/or release CXCL16 under the regulation of inflammatory mediators. CXCL16 expression is increased in experimental and human nephropathies. Targeting CXCL16 protected from experimental glomerular injury or interstitial fibrosis. CXCL16 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.9 kDa and the accession number is Q9H2A7.

Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 9 is a protein-coding gene. ZBTB9 is a 473 amino acids protein that Contains 1 BTB (POZ) domain and 2 C2H2-type zinc fingers. Diseases associated with ZBTB9 include systemic lupus erythematosus, and lupus erythematosus. Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 9 may be involved in transcriptional regulation.

CD300A is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the CD300 family. It contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. The CD300 family of myeloid immunoglobulin receptors includes activating (CD300b, CD300e) and inhibitory members (CD300a, CD300f), as well as molecules presenting a negative charge within their transmembrane domain (CD300c, CD300d). It is expressed not only by natural killer (NK) cells but also by T-cell subsets, B-cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, granulocytes and monocytes. CD300A is an inhibitory receptor which may contribute to the down-regulation of cytolytic activity in natural killer (NK) cells, and to the down-regulation of mast cell degranulation. CD300c is a functional immune receptor able to deliver activating signals upon ligation in RBL-2H3 mast cells.

CD147, also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) or basigin, is expressed in a variety of cell types. It is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling during physiological and pathological processes including wound healing, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. CD147 is a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer and inflammatory diseases, either directly or indirectly, by targeting CD147 partners.

Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein GADD45 β (GADD45B) is a member of the GADD45 family. GADD45B has been shown to interact with MAP3K4, ASK1, MAP2K7, and GADD45GIP1. GADD45B is involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis. GADD45B reacts to environmental stresses by mediating activation of stress-responsive MTK1/MEKK4 kinase, which is an upstream activator of both p38 and JNK MAPKs. In addition, GADD45B participates in the down-regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It may serve as a possible therapeutic target.

Low Molecular Weight Phosphotyrosine Protein Phosphatase (LMW-PTP) is a member of the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family. LMW-PTP serves as an acid phosphatase and a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) by hydrolyzing protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate. LMW-PTP can be detected in all human tissues, including adipocytes. LMW-PTP is a cytosolic enzyme that regulate cell proliferation and growth of leiomyomas during dephosphorylation of the PDGF receptor. In addition, LMW-PTP plays an important role in the regulation of physiological functions, such as stress resistance and synthesis of the polysaccharide capsule.

Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2（LCP2）contains a SAM domain and a SH2 domain. It is highly expressed in spleen, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes, T-cell and monocytic cell lines, but expressed at lower level in B-cell lines. LCP2 was originally identified as a substrate of the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase following T cell receptor (TCR) ligation in the leukemic T cell line Jurkat. It is phosphorylated after T-cell receptor activation by ZAP70, ITK and TXK, which leads to the up-regulation of Th1 preferred cytokine IL-2 during post-translational modification. Studies using LCP2-deficient T cell lines or mice have provided strong evidence that SLP-76 plays a positive role in promoting T cell development and activation as well as mast cell and platelet function.

EphA8, also known as Hek3 and Eek, is a 120 kDa glycosylated member of the Eph family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. The A and B classes of Eph proteins are distinguished by Ephrin ligand binding preference but have a common structural organization. Eph-Ephrin interactions are widely involved in the regulation of cell migration, tissue morphogenesis, and cancer progression. Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously GPI-anchored ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The GPI-anchored ephrin-A EFNA2, EFNA3, and EFNA5 are able to activate EPHA8 through phosphorylation. With EFNA5 may regulate integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration on fibronectin substrate but also neurite outgrowth. During development of the nervous system plays also a role in axon guidance. Downstream effectors of the EPHA8 signaling pathway include FYN which promotes cell adhesion upon activation by EPHA8 and the MAP kinases in the stimulation of neurite outgrowth.

Tumor metastasis depends on the dynamic regulation of cell adhesion through β1-integrin. The Cub-Domain Containing Protein-1, CDCP1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein which regulates cell adhesion. Overexpression and loss of CDCP1 have been observed in the same cancer types to promote metastatic progression. CDCP1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 73.2 kDa and the accession number is F6TPM5.

Mouse Cxcl12 is a secreted and highly conserved protein which belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.CXCL12 is widely expressed in various organs including brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and lymphoid organs. Cxcl12 activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. It also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Cxcl12 has several critical functions during embryonic development such as B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. Cxcl12 plays an important role in acting as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. It stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. It also plays a protective role after myocardial infarction, induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells and stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived b progenitor cells in the presence of IL-7 as well as growth of the stromal cell-dependent B-cell clone DW34 cells.

FKBP4 act as a regulator of microtubule dynamics by inhibiting MAPT/TAU ability to promote microtubule assembly. FKBP4 may play a role in the intracellular trafficking of heterooligomeric forms of steroid hormone receptors between cytoplasm and nuclear compartments, it also may have a protective role against oxidative stress in mitochondria. The isomerase activity controls neuronal growth cones via regulation of TRPC1 channel opening.

LOX-1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds to and internalizes ox-LDL.LOX-1 gene deletion in mice and anti-LOX-1 therapy has been shown to decrease inflammation, oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. LOX-1 deletion also results in damage from ischemia, making LOX-1 a promising target of therapy for atherosclerosis and related disorders. In this article we focus on the different mechanisms for regulation, signaling and the various effects of LOX-1 in contributing to atherosclerosis.

CSF-1, also known as M-CSF , is a four alpha -helical-bundle cytokine that is the primary regulator of macrophage survival, proliferation and differentiation. CSF-1 is also essential for the survival and proliferation of osteoclast progenitors.CSF-1 is cytokine that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. M-CSF/CSF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.3 kDa and the accession number is P09603-1.

Peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4) is a member of the AhpC/TSA family. PRDX4 is a cytoplasmic protein and contains one thioredoxin domain. PRDX4 exists in homodimer or heterodimer with PRDX1. PRDX4 reduces hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides to water and alcohol with the use of reducing equivalents derived from thiol-containing donor molecules. In addition, PRDX4 is probably involved in redox regulation of the cell, regulating the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol by a modulation of I-kappa-B-alpha phosphorylation.

Group XVI Phospholipase A1/A2 (PLA2G16) belongs to the H-rev 107 family. PLA2G16 is expressed in a number of human tumors including ovarian carcinomas, lung carcinomas. PLA2G16 is involved in the regulation of differentiation and survival. PLA2G16 regulates adipocyte lipolysis and release of fatty acids through a G-protein coupled pathway involving prostaglandin and EP3. It has also been reported to play a crucial role in the development of obesity in mouse models.

LILRB1, also known as CD85j and ILT2, is a transmembrane glycoprotein in the LILR immunoregulatory protein family. LILRB1 is expressed on NK cells that have expanded in response to acute HCMV infection. LILRB1 exhibits considerable diversity in the population, and polymorphisms in the LILRB1 gene have been associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and weakly associated with HCMV disease in a subset of patients with HIV. The regulation of phagocytosis by macrophages is an additional key role of LILRB1 signaling. LILRB1 recognizes a wide variety of HLA haplotypes due to its interaction with the invariant β2M subunit of MHC class I, which suggests that this signaling axis is relevant across diverse patient populations.

Leptin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and plays important role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin functions via signaling pathways involving OB-R in hypothalamus. In mammals, leptin is mainly produced by the adipose tissue and encodes body fat reserves, acting as a short-term satiety signal. In fish, the presence of a leptin-like peptide was first evidenced by immuno-cross-reactivity, and its existence was certainly demonstrated after the finding by synteny of a leptin sequence in the pufferfish.

Cluster of Differentiation 80, also called B7-1, is a member of cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily which plays key, yet distinct roles in the activation of T cells. B7-1/CD80 and B7-2/CD86, together with their receptors CD28 and CTLA4, constitute one of the dominant co-stimulatory pathways that regulate T- and B- cell responses. CD80 is mostly expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells including activated B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with a 20-100 fold higher affinity than CD28 and is involved in the down-regulation of the immune response.

Cathepsin L is an enzyme. Cathepsin L, a lysosomal endopeptidase expressed in most eukaryotic cells, is a member of the papain-like family of cysteine proteinases. Cathepsin L plays a major role in antigen processing, tumor invasion and metastasis, bone resorption, and turnover of intracellular and secreted proteins involved in growth regulation. Unlike the precursor forms of other papain family members, the 43 kDa pro-cathepsin L itself is secreted from various cells. Pro-cathepsin L is the major excreted protein of malignantly transformed mouse fibroblasts and is also one of the major acidic cysteine proteases in mammalian cells.

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1 (CAMK1) belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and CaMK subfamily. CAMK1 contains one protein kinase domain and widely expressed. CAMK1 is phosphorylated by CaMKK1 and CaMKK2 on Thr-177. CAMK1 regulates transcription activators activity, cell cycle, hormone production, cell differentiation, actin filament organization, and neurite outgrowth. CAMK1 plays a role in K+ and ANG2-mediated regulation of the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) to produce aldosterone in the adrenal cortex.

ANGPTL3 is a secreted glycoprotein that is structurally related to the angiopoietins. Mature human ANGPTL3 contains an N-terminal coiled coil domain and a C‑terminal fibrinogen-like domain. ANGPTL3 is expressed in the liver from early in development through adulthood. Acts in part as a hepatokine that is involved in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Proposed to play a role in the trafficking of energy substrates to either storage or oxidative tissues in response to food intake. ANGPTL3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.6 kDa and the accession number is Q9Y5C1.

Fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF-9) is an approximately 26 kDa secreted glycoprotein of the FGF family. Secreted mouse FGF-9 lacks the N-terminal 1-3 aa and shares >98% sequence identity with rat, human, equine, porcine and bovine FGF-9. FGF-9 plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. In the mouse embryo the location and timing of FGF-9 expression affects development of the skeleton, cerebellum, lungs, heart, vasculature, digestive tract, and testes .It may have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors. Deletion of mouse FGF-9 is lethal at birth due to lung hypoplasia, and causes rhizomelia, or shortening of the proximal skeleton. An unusual constitutive dimerization of FGF 9 buries receptor interaction sites which lowers its activity, and increases heparin affinity which inhibits diffusion. A spontaneous mouse mutant, Eks, interferes with dimerization, resulting monomeric, diffusible FGF-9 that causes elbow and knee synostoses (joint fusions) due to FGF-9 misexpression in developing joints.

Heat shock protein beta-8 (HSPB8) belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. This protein can be inducted by 17-beta-estradiol, and is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and heat, mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. HSPB8 usually exists in monomer, it can interact with HSPB1 and DNAJB6. HSPB8 displays temperature-dependent chaperone activity，appears to be involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis, and mutations in this gene have been associated with different neuromuscular diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Annexin A13 (ANXA13) belongs to the annexin family which plays a role in phospholipase inhibition, cytoskeletal interactions, intracellular signal transduction pathways and regulation of cellular growth. ANXA13 contains four annexin repeats and a pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and phospholipid. ANXA13 is highly expressed in intestinal and kidney epithelial cells. The specific function of ANXA13 has not yet been determined; however it is associated with the plasma membrane of undifferentiated, proliferating crypt epithelial cells as well as differentiated villus enterocytes.

B7-1 and B7-2 are homologous costimulatory ligands expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Binding of these molecules to the T cell costimulatory receptors, CD28 and CTLA-4, is essential for the activation and regulation of T cell immunity. B7-1 and B7-2 do not form hetero-oligomers, underscoring the biological relevance of dimeric and monomeric state of B7-1 and B7-2, respectively. B7-2 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.4 kDa and the accession number is G7NXR4.

The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a critical regulator of epithelial homeostasis. It has been implicated in multiple aspects of epithelial barrier function, including regulation of epithelial cell growth and permeability, production of mucus and antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), and complement production. IL-22 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.69 kDa and the accession number is G7PHZ7.

Complement factor H-related protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFHR4 gene. It is a secreted protein that belongs to the complement factor H protein family. Members of the H-related protein family are exclusively composed of individually folded protein domains. CFHR4 is synthesized as a 578 amino acid precursor that contains an 19 amino acid signal peptide and a 569 amino acid mature chain. Human CFHR4 is involved in complement regulation. It can associate with lipoproteins and may play a role in lipid metabolism.

We have previously shown that Annexin A8 (ANXA8) is strongly associated with the basal-like subgroup of breast cancers, including BRCA1-associated breast cancers, and poor prognosis; while in the mouse mammary gland AnxA8 mRNA is expressed in low-proliferative isolated pubertal mouse mammary ductal epithelium and after enforced involution, but not in isolated highly proliferative terminal end buds (TEB) or during pregnancy. ANXA8 as a potential mediator of quiescence in the normal mouse mammary ductal epithelium, while its expression in basal-like breast cancers may be linked to ANXA8's association with their specific cells of origin. Annexin A8 (ANXA8), a member of a superfamily of calcium and phospholipid binding proteins, is physiologically expressed in a tissue-specific manner, recent microarray studies reported that ANXA8 was also ectopically expressed in pancreatic cancers. We investigated the molecular mechanism of expression of ANXA8 in cancer cells and its functional role in pancreatic cancer cells. ANXA8 was diversely expressed in human cancer cell lines. Ectopic ANXA8 expression in cancer cells might involve an epigenetic mechanism. ANXA8 might play an important role in calcium fluctuation-mediated HIF-1α transcriptional activation and cell viability. The retinoic acid derivative fenretinide (FR) is capable of transdifferentiating cultured retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells towards a neuronal-like phenotype, down-regulation of AnxA8 is both necessary and sufficient for neuronal transdifferentiation of RPE cells and reveal an essential role for AnxA8 as a key regulator of RPE phenotype.

Mast Cell Protease 1 (MMCP-1), also known as MCP-1, MCPT-1 and β-chymase, is a member of the Chymase family of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. MCPT-1 is a 26 kDa β-chymase that is a component of mast cell granules. It is a 226 amino acid (aa) protein that has a conserved pattern of six cysteines and one potential glycosylation site. The granule-derived mouse mast cell proteases-1 and -2 (mMCP-1 and -2) colocalize in similar quantities in mucosal mast cells but micrograms of mMCP-1 compared with nanograms of mMCP-2 are detected in peripheral blood during intestinal nematode infection. mMCP-1 isolated from serum is complexed with serpins and both the accumulation and the longevity of mMCP-1 in the blood is due to complex formation, protecting it from a pathway that rapidly clears mMCP-2, which is unable to form complexes with serpins. The mucosal mast cell (MMC) granule-specific beta-chymase, mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), is released systemically into the bloodstream early in nematode infection before parasite-specific IgE responses develop and TGF-beta1 induces the constitutive release of mMCP-1 by homologs of MMC in vitro. Expression of mMCP-1 is largely restricted to intraepithelial MMC and is thought to play a role in the regulation of epithelial permeability. Its activation is completed by the removal of a two residue N-terminal propeptide by a dipeptidyl peptidase (Cathepsin C). MCPT-1 is upregulated in the intestine in response to nematode infection, or systemic mucosa in response to anaphylaxis. Like human α-chymase, MCPT-1 is capable of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which plays a key role in the regulation of arterial pressure. The intestinal inflammation associated with gastrointestinal helminths is partly mediated by mMCP-1.

TMED4, also known as ERS25, belongs to the EMP24/GP25L family. TMED4 may play a role in the regulation of heat-shock response and apoptosis. It is involved in vesicular protein trafficking, mainly in the early secretory pathway. TMED4 may also play a role in the biosynthesis of secreted cargo including processing. It functions in the regulation of heat-shock response and apoptosis. TMED4 also is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response. TMED4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.6 kDa and the accession number is Q7Z7H5-1.

CD46, also known as Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP), is a complement regulatory protein. CD46 is a type 1 membrane protein that plays an important inhibitory role in the complement system. CD46 is expressed in white blood cells, platelets, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Human CD46 shares 5% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat CD46. The importance of CD46 to complement regulation is underscored by the observation that genetic loss of CD46 leads to development of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS), a disease characterized by uncontrolled complement activation. CD46 is implicated in the development and/or progression of selected cancer types.

Chloride intracellular channel protein 4, also known as Intracellular chloride ion channel protein p64H1 and CLIC4, is a member of the chloride channel CLIC family. It contains oneGST C-terminal domain. CLIC4 is a member of a family of intracellular chloride channels. It is regulated by p53, c-Myc, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. CLIC4 is detected in epithelial cells from colon, esophagus and kidney (at protein level). CLIC4 has alternate cellular functions like a potential role in angiogenesis or in maintaining apical-basolateral membrane polarity during mitosis and cytokinesis. CLIC4 could promote endothelial cell proliferation and regulate endothelial morphogenesis (tubulogenesis). Expression of CLIC4 is prominent in heart, kidney, placenta and skeletal muscle. Overexpression of CLIC4 in cancer cells inhibits tumor growth. Conversely, overexpression of CLIC4 in tumor stromal cells stimulates tumor growth. Thus, CLIC4 participates in normal and pathological processes and may serve as a useful target for therapies in disturbances of homeostasis and neoplastic transformation. Loss of CLIC4 in tumor cells and gain in tumor stroma is common to many human cancers and marks malignant progression. Up-regulation of CLIC4 in tumor stroma is coincident with myofibroblast conversion, generally a poor prognostic indicator. Reactivation and restoration of CLIC4 in tumor cells or the converse in tumor stromal cells could provide a novel approach to inhibit tumor growth.

The scaffolding protein, Rack1, is a seven-WD-domain-containing protein that has been implicated in binding to integrin beta subunit cytoplasmic domains and to members of two kinase families (src and protein kinase C, PKC) that mediate integrin bidirectional signaling.Rack1 may link protein kinase C directly to integrins and participate in the regulation of integrin functions.Rack1 regulates the localization of an essential PCP protein and acts as a molecular switch to promote PCP signaling.

Serpins are the largest and most diverse family of serine protease inhibitors which are involved in a number of fundamental biological processes such as blood coagulation, complement activation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor suppression and are expressed in a cell-specific manner. Serpins are a group of proteins with similar structures that were first identified as a set of proteins able to inhibit proteases. The acronym serpin was originally coined because many serpins inhibit chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (serine protease inhibitors). Over 1 serpins have been identified.Mouse SerpinB1, also known as Peptidase inhibitor 1, PI-1, Bomapin and SERPINB1, is a nucleus and cytoplasm protein that belongs to the serpin family and Ov-serpin subfamily. SerpinB1 is expressed specifically in the bone marrow. SerpinB1 is a protease inhibitor that may play a role in the regulation of protease activities during hematopoiesis and apoptosis induced by TNF. SerpinB1 is a redox-sensitive nuclear serpin that augments proliferation or apoptosis of leukaemia cells, depending on growth factors availability. SerpinB1 may regulate protease activities in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

Actopaxin, also known as alpha-parvin, belongs to the parvin family. It is widely expressed, with highest levels in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and liver. Actopaxin contains 2 CH (calponin-homology) domains and probably plays a role in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization. It interacts with integrin-linked protein kinase and probably with actin and the LD1 and LD4 motifs of PXN. Actopaxin binds directly to both F-actin and paxillin LD1 and LD4 motifs. Actopaxin also exhibits robust focal adhesion localization in several cultured cell types but is not found along the length of the associated actin-rich stress fibers. It is absent from actin-rich cell-cell adherens junctions.

H1 histone family, member 0 (H1F0) is a member of the H1 histone family of nuclear proteins which are a component of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. It's involved in maintaining the structure of chromatin by packing the beads on a string sub-structure into a high order structure. The lysine-rich H1 histone family in mammals includes eleven members. In higher eukaryotes, all H1 variants have the same general structure, consisting of a central conserved globular domain and less conserved N-terminal and C-terminal tails. These tails are moderately conserved among species, but differ among variants, suggesting a specific function for each H1 variant. Studies on the role of particular subtypes at specific developmental stages in lower eukaryotes, but also in vertebrates suggest that specific subtypes of H1 participate in particular systems of gene regulation.

acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A, also known as acidic nuclear phosphoprotein pp32, Leucine-rich acidic nuclear protein, Mapmodulin, Potent heat-stable protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor I1PP2A, Putative HLA-DR-associated protein I, PHAPI and ANP32A, is a nucleus, cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum. ANP32A / LANP is expressed in all tissues tested. It is highly expressed in kidney and skeletal muscle, moderate levels of expression is in brain, placenta and pancreas. ANP32A / LANP is weakly expressed in lung. It is found in all regions of the brain examined (amygdala, caudate nucleus, corpus callosum, hippocampus and thalamus), with highest levels in amygdala. ANP32A / LANP is a component of the SET complex, which also contains SET, APEX1, HMGB2 and NME1. It directly interacts with SET. ANP32A / LANP also interacts with ATXN1/SCA1. ANP32A / LANP is implicated in a number of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, suppression of transformation (tumor suppressor), inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A, regulation of mRNA trafficking and stability in association with ELAVL1, and inhibition of acetyltransferases as part of the INHAT (inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases) complex. ANP32A / LANP plays a role in E4F1-mediated transcriptional repression.

Alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A, also known as Alpha-mannoside beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase, Mannoside acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5, N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase V, MGAT5, and GGNT5, is a single-pass type II membrane protein that belongs to the glycosyltransferase 18 family. MGAT5 / GGNT5 catalyzes the addition of N-acetylglucosamine in beta 1-6 linkage to the alpha-linked mannose of biantennary N-linked oligosaccharides. It is one of the most important enzymes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of glycoprotein oligosaccharides. The central nervous system (CNS) is rich in glycoconjugates, located on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. MGAT5 / GGNT5 modification of complex-type N-glycans on CNS glycoproteins is involved in the regulation of depression-like behavior. Inhibitors of MGAT5 / GGNT5 might be useful in the treatment of malignancies by targeting their dependency on focal adhesion signaling for growth and metastasis.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy

Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Rho cDNA clone 12, Ras homolog gene family member A, RHOA and ARH12, is a cell membrane and cytoplasm protein that belongs to the small GTPase superfamily and Rho family. The Rho family of small GTPases plays a key role in the dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton that underlies various important cellular functions such as shape changes, migration, and polarity. RHOA / ARH12 is part of a larger family of related proteins known as the Ras superfamily; proteins involved in the regulation and timing of cell division. RHOA / ARH12 is a small GTPase protein known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton in the formation of stress fibers. It acts upon two known effector proteins: ROCK1 (Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1) and DIAPH1 ( diaphanous homolog 1 (Drosophila) ). RHOA / ARH12 regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. RHOA / ARH12 serves as a target for the yopT cysteine peptidase from Yersinia pestis, vector of the plague, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which causes gastrointestinal disorders. RHOA / ARH12 may be an activator of PLCE1. It is activated by ARHGEF2, which promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP.

Annexin A6, also known as ANXA6 or ANXAⅥ, belongs to a family of Ca2+-dependent membrane and phospholipid binding proteins. Members of this family have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 6 is phosphorylated in vivo associated with cell growth. Annexin 6 was not phosphorylated in quiescent cells, but was phosphorylated on serine and to a lesser extent threonine, several hours following cell stimulation. Experiment has revealed the presence of annexin A6 on the cell surface of variety cells as putative receptors and / or binding proteins for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, helping cells to bind with this extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate which is related to the cell-substratum adhesion. A post-tranlational modification other than direct protein phosphorylation may influence the activity of annexin6 and provide evidence linking cell growth with regulation of annexin 6 function.

CFHR1 is a secreted protein belonging to the complement factor H protein family.The human complement factor H protein family consists of the complement and immune regulators factor H, the factor H-like protein 1(FHL-1) and five factor H-related proteins (CFHR-1 to -5). Members of the H-related protein family are exclusively composed of individually folded protein domains, termed short consensus repeats (SCRs) or complement control modules. CFHR1 binds to Pseudomonas aeruginosa elongation factor Tuf together with plasminogen, which is proteolytically activated. CFHR1 might be involved in complement regulation. It can associate with lipoproteins and may play a role in lipid metabolism.