oxidase

Xanthine oxidase-IN-10 (XO8 analog) is a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor for the study of gout.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-1 is an effective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with an IC50 value of 6.5 nM. It plays a central role in purine catabolism through the degradation of bioactive nucleotides facilitated by nucleic acid and nucleotide intermediates.

Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx), a bacterial flavin oxidase containing FAD utilized in biochemical research, catalyzes the oxidation of the C(3)-OH group of cholesterol (and other sterols) to cholest-5-en-3-one and subsequently isomerizes it to cholest-4-en-3-one [1].

Ascorbate oxidase, or Vitamin C oxidase, is a redox (REDOX) enzyme that plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix regulation by catalyzing the oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid in the presence of oxygen [1] [2].

Glycolate oxidase-IN-1 (compound 26), a salicylic acid derivative, serves as an inhibitor of glycolate oxidase (GO) and exhibits an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 38.2 μM. It is efficacious in reducing oxalate production in hyperoxaluric hepatocytes and has potential applications in researching primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) [1].

Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, a crucial intermediate in glycerol metabolism, can be extracted from Escherichia coli. It serves as the backbone for phospholipids in membrane lipids and acts as a substrate in the respiratory chain, generating electrons through oxidation [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-12 (Compound 11), an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), possesses an IC50 value of 91 nM and exhibits antioxidant properties, additionally diminishing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1].

Xanthine oxidase, a xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme, catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and further oxidizes xanthine to uric acid, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1].

Sarcosine oxidase (SAO) catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine, producing glycine, H2O2, and 5,10-CH2-tetrahydrofolate, substances commonly utilized in biochemical reactions [1].

Mtb-cyt-bd oxidase-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome bd oxidase, possessing an inhibition constant (IC50) of 0.13 μM, making it valuable for tuberculosis research.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-6, a potent and orally active mixed-type inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XOD), demonstrates significant anti-hyperuricemia and renal protective activity with an IC50 value of 1.37 µM.

Monoamine oxidase/Aromatase-IN-1 (compound 2q) is a potent dual inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and aromatase, with IC50 values of 39 nM and 31 nM for MAO-B and aromatase, respectively. It holds significant potential for research in neurological disorders and breast cancer [1].

Glycolic acid oxidase inhibitor 1 is a glycolate oxidase inhibitor.

L-Amino acid oxidase, a homodimeric protein that contains flavin adenine dinucleotide, catalyzes the stereospecific oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to α-keto acids and ammonia [1].

Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor 2 is a potent, reversible, orally active and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) (IC50 = 1.33 nM) which can across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor 2 shows antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory activities which can be used in the study of Parkinson’s disease [1].

Pyruvate oxidase (PoxB), a thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme, performs the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl phosphate, carbon dioxide, and water. This enzyme plays a crucial role in bacterial metabolism and is widely utilized in biochemical research [1].

Xanthine Oxidase-IN-11, an analog of XO8, is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 (compound 19a) is an orally active and potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase(XO) with an IC 50 of 0.039 μM that can be used in the research of hyperuricemia and gout. Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 shows hypouricemic potency in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemia rats. [1].

Mtb-cyt-bd oxidase-IN-6, a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cytochrome bd (cyt-bd) oxidase (MtbCyt-bd Oxidase), exhibits an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.35 μM and effectively suppresses Mtb growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μM. This compound is utilized in tuberculosis research [1].

Mtb-cyt-bd oxidase-IN-7, a cytochrome bd terminal oxidase (Cyt-bd) inhibitor, exhibits anti-tuberculosis activities with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 4.17 μM.

Xanthine Oxidase-IN-9 (also known as Icarisids E or Compound 2) effectively inhibits xanthine oxidase (XOD) with an IC50 value of 31.81 μM [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-8 (Icarisids J) (Compound 7) serves as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, exhibiting an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 29.71 μM [1].

Galactose oxidase (GOase), a type II copper metalloenzyme derived from fungus, comprises a single polypeptide. It is commonly utilized in biochemical studies for catalyzing the two-electron oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes, simultaneously reducing dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide [1].

Bilirubin oxidase (BOD), a multi-copper oxidase, catalyzes the transformation of bilirubin into biliverdin while reducing molecular oxygen to water. This enzyme plays a role in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and is extensively employed as an oxygen reduction catalyst in biochemical research [1].

Alcohol oxidase, a key enzyme in the methanol utilization pathway, is derived from yeast peroxisomes.

Glucose oxidase, an enzyme extracted from the fungus Aspergillus niger, is an important industrial enzyme in the food industry and is widely used in the deoxygenation of foods such as wine, beer, fruit juice, milk powder, and in the improvement of flour and prevention of browning of foods, etc. It has antioxidant and potential anticancer activities.

Choline oxidase is an enzyme that facilitates the conversion of choline to glycine betaine through an intermediate, betaine aldehyde, during the synthesis of glycine betaine. Glycine betaine serves as an osmolyte. Furthermore, choline oxidase shows promise for use in the enzymatic production of betaine [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 (compound1h) is a potent andorally active xanthine oxidase(XO) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.36 μM). Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 effectively reduces serum uric acid levels which has the potential in the hyperuricemia and gout research [1].

Monoamine oxidase, an enzyme comprising various polypeptides, catalyzes the oxidative deamination of diverse biological amines within both brain and peripheral tissues, yielding hydrogen peroxide in the process. This enzyme is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission, emotional behavior, and other cerebral functions [1] [2].

D-Amino acid oxidase, an enzyme that metabolizes exogenous D-amino acids in animals for detoxification, also regulates the level of D-serine in the brain [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-5, a powerful and orally active inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), exhibits an IC50 value of 0.70 μM. It possesses favorable drug-like characteristics, with ligand efficiency (LE) and lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) values of 0.33 and 3.41, respectively. Moreover, Xanthine oxidase-IN-5 showcases significant hypouricemic effects in a hyperuricemic rat model [1].

Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor 1 is a potent, reversible, orally active and selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.02 nM) that can across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor 1 shows antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory activities that can be used in the study of Parkinson’s disease[1].

Lactate oxidase, an FMN-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate while releasing hydrogen peroxide and is utilized in the detection of lactate [1].

Fructosyl amino acid oxidase is utilized for the quantification of glycosylated proteins, particularly glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, which serves as a critical biomarker for assessing diabetes treatment efficacy [1].

Mtb-cyt-bd oxidase-IN-3, an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome bd oxidase (Mtb cyt-bd oxidase), exhibits an IC50 value of 0.36 μM and demonstrates an ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC of 32 μM. This compound is utilized in tuberculosis research.

Mtb-cyt-bd oxidase-IN-4, an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome bd oxidase (Mtb cyt-bd oxidase), demonstrates potent activity with an IC50 value of 0.25 μM and inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μM. This compound is utilized in tuberculosis research.

Urate oxidase (Uox), also known as uricase, is a peroxisomal enzyme widely utilized in biochemical research. It catalyzes the conversion of uric acid to allantoin in the majority of mammals [1].

NNK (Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone) is a procarcinogen and a major tobacco-specific toxicant. It inhibits the expression of lysyl oxidase which is a tumor suppressor.

1. Hypericin (Cyclosan) has antineoplastic activity. 2. Hypericin has antibiotic and antiviral activities. 3. Hypericin has antidepressive activity through inhibiting monoamine oxidase enzyme. 4. Hypericin inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis via affecting ERK signalling in vitro and suppresses wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo.

Sodium benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor.Sodium Benzoate is a Food Preservative.

RV01 is a novel quinoline-substituted analogue of resveratrol that inhibits DNA damage, reduces ethanol-induced acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) mRNA expression, and has hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. rV01 reduces iNOS expression and has anti-neuroinflammatory effects. rV01 reduces tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion. RV01 reduced tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion, inhibited lps-induced ROS production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein expression, and inhibited lps-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear transcription factor-кB (NF-кB) signaling pathways.

CX-157 (KP 157) is a novel monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitor for the study of depression-like neurological disorders and cancer.

Safinamide mesylate (EMD 1195686 mesylate) , a mesylate salt of Safinamide, can reversibly and specifically inhibit MAO-B (IC50: 98 nM), has 5918-fold selectivity against MAO-A.

Adrenalone hydrochloride (Adrenalone HCl) is a dopamine β-oxidase inhibitor with a similar structure to the norepinephrine transporter (NET) ligand, with an IC50 of 36.9 μM. It is an adrenergic agonist that acts as a local vasoconstrictor and hemostatic agent.

Hydroxyamine hydrochloride(Hydroxylammonium chloride) is a selective and potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation.Hydroxyamine hydrochloridee is an intermediate in organic synthesis and can be used to synthesize other active compounds.

Ammonium formate (Formic acid ammonium salt) is the simplest carboxylic acid. Formate is an intermediate in normal metabolism. It is responsible for both metabolic acidosis and disrupting mitochondrial electron transport and energy production by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase activity, the terminal electron acceptor of the electron transport chain. Cell death from cytochrome oxidase inhibition by formate is believed to result partly from depletion of ATP, reducing energy concentrations so that essential cell functions cannot be maintained. Furthermore, inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by formate may also cause cell death by increased production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to the blockade of the electron transport chain.

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Ethyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.

Paeonol (Peonol) is an active extraction from Paeonia suffruticosa. Paeonol inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 of 54.6 μM and 42.5 μM, respectively.

Oxadiargyl (RP020630), a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, is used as a herbicide in China.