permeability

VEGFA Protein, Pig, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.2 kDa and the accession number is P49151.

Human VEGF121, also known as Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGFA, Vascular permeability factor, VPF and VEGF, is a homodimeric, heparin-binding glycoprotein which belongs to the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. VEGF-A is a glycosylated mitogen that specifically acts on endothelial cells and has various effects, including mediating increased vascular permeability, inducing angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, permeabilization of blood vessels and endothelial cell growth, increasing microvascular permeability, promoting cell migration and inhibiting apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of VEGF-A encod either secreted or cell-associated isoforms. The lymphangiogenesis may be promoted by upregulation of VEGF121, which may in turn act in part via induction of VEGF-C. It binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.

Human Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1(VEGFR-1, FLT-1) is a member of the the class III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and Tyr protein kinase family and CSF-1/PDGF receptor subfamily. VEGFR-1 is widely expressed in human tissues including normal lung, placenta, liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues. It is specifically expressed in most of the vascular endothelial cellsand peripheral blood monocytes. VEGFR-1 contains seven Ig-like C2-type domains and one protein kinase domain. VEGFR-1is an essential receptor tyrosine kinase and plays an important role in theregulation of VEGF family-mediated vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. It is also mediators of neurotrophic activity and regulators of hematopoietic development. VEGFR-1 is a receptor for VEGF, VEGFB and PGF. It has a tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB and PGF.It may play an essential role as a negative regulator of embryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting excessive proliferation of endothelial cells and promote endothelial cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in adulthood. Its function in promoting cell proliferation seems to be cell-type specific. VEGFR-1 can also promote PGF-mediated proliferation of endothelial cells, proliferation of some types of cancer cells, but does not promote proliferation of normal fibroblasts (in vitro).

VEGF165 Protein, Human Cynomolgus, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus Insect Cells expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 19.2 kDa and the accession number is P15692-4.

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein is a member of the BPI/LBP/Plunc superfamily and BPI/LBP family. It is a cationic protein which can be detected in the azurophilic granule and on the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein also is a lipopolysaccharide binding protein. It is associated with human neutrophil granules and has bactericidal activity on gram-negative organisms. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein contains two domains that adopt the same structural fold, even though they have little sequence similarity. It binds to and neutralises lipopolysaccharides from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The cytotoxic action of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein is limited to many species of Gram-negative bacteria; this specificity may be explained by a strong affinity of the very basic N-terminal half for the negatively charged lipopolysaccharides that are unique to the Gram-negative bacterial outer envelope.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189. VEGF121 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17 kDa and the accession number is P15692-9.

TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), a cytokine largely produced by vascular endothelial cells and a specific inhibitor of the proliferation of these same cells, can inhibit VEGF-induced vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo, and that death receptor 3 (DR3), a cell surface receptor of TNFSF15, mediates TNFSF15-induced dephosphorylation of VEGFR2. TNFSF15 Protein, Cynomolgus/Rhesus macaque, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.52 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5UA22.

The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a critical regulator of epithelial homeostasis. It has been implicated in multiple aspects of epithelial barrier function, including regulation of epithelial cell growth and permeability, production of mucus and antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), and complement production. IL-22 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.69 kDa and the accession number is G7PHZ7.

Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP, also called PV-1) is the only protein that forms endothelial diaphragms. PLVAP expression is very low in the normal blood-retinal barrier; however, pathological factors such as high glucose and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induce its expression, leading to the exacerbation of cellular permeability. Because the new blood vessels are fragile and leaky, PLVAP could possibly be considered a therapeutic target against retinovascular diseases.

With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm. Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes; an internal gate slows down solute passage.; Required for conjugation with F-type plasmids; probably serves as the mating receptor on recipient cells. OmpA Protein, E. coli O157:H7, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 35.6 kDa and the accession number is P0A911.

Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of renal collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Plays an essential role in renal water homeostasis. AQP2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.4 kDa and the accession number is P34080.

Mast Cell Protease 1 (MMCP-1), also known as MCP-1, MCPT-1 and β-chymase, is a member of the Chymase family of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. MCPT-1 is a 26 kDa β-chymase that is a component of mast cell granules. It is a 226 amino acid (aa) protein that has a conserved pattern of six cysteines and one potential glycosylation site. The granule-derived mouse mast cell proteases-1 and -2 (mMCP-1 and -2) colocalize in similar quantities in mucosal mast cells but micrograms of mMCP-1 compared with nanograms of mMCP-2 are detected in peripheral blood during intestinal nematode infection. mMCP-1 isolated from serum is complexed with serpins and both the accumulation and the longevity of mMCP-1 in the blood is due to complex formation, protecting it from a pathway that rapidly clears mMCP-2, which is unable to form complexes with serpins. The mucosal mast cell (MMC) granule-specific beta-chymase, mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), is released systemically into the bloodstream early in nematode infection before parasite-specific IgE responses develop and TGF-beta1 induces the constitutive release of mMCP-1 by homologs of MMC in vitro. Expression of mMCP-1 is largely restricted to intraepithelial MMC and is thought to play a role in the regulation of epithelial permeability. Its activation is completed by the removal of a two residue N-terminal propeptide by a dipeptidyl peptidase (Cathepsin C). MCPT-1 is upregulated in the intestine in response to nematode infection, or systemic mucosa in response to anaphylaxis. Like human α-chymase, MCPT-1 is capable of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which plays a key role in the regulation of arterial pressure. The intestinal inflammation associated with gastrointestinal helminths is partly mediated by mMCP-1.

Cytochrome C (CYCS) is a small heme protein that belongs to the cytochrome c family. It is found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Cytochrome C is a highly soluble protein that functions as a central component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. CYCS transfers electrons between Complexes III (Coenzyme Q - Cyt C reductase) and IV (Cyt C oxidase). CYCS plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of Cytochrome C to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.

Nectin-2 is an adhesion molecule that has been reported to play a role in tumor growth, metastasis and tumor angiogenesis. Nectin-2 expression in ovarian cancer may support tumor cell adhesion, leading to growth and lymph node metastasis. Effect of VEGF on Nectin-2 expression as well as permeability was investigated in HUVEC.

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1) is a secretory protein found in human upper aerodigestive tract mucosa. This innate material is secreted in mucosal fluid or found in submucosal tissue in the human soft palate, lung, uvula, and nasal cavity. BPIFA1 is a critical component of the innate immune response that prevents upper airway diseases.

With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm. Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes; an internal gate slows down solute passage.; Required for conjugation with F-type plasmids; probably serves as the mating receptor on recipient cells. OmpA Protein, Salmonella typhi, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.9 kDa and the accession number is Q8Z7S0.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase implicated in smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 and myosin light-chains. Involved in the inflammatory response (e.g. apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis), cell motility and morphology, airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. Required for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction that is necessary for physiological and asthmatic airway resistance. Necessary for gastrointestinal motility. Implicated in the regulation of endothelial as well as vascular permeability, probably via the regulation of cytoskeletal rearrangements. In the nervous system it has been shown to control the growth initiation of astrocytic processes in culture and to participate in transmitter release at synapses formed between cultured sympathetic ganglion cells. Critical participant in signaling sequences that result in fibroblast apoptosis. Plays a role in the regulation of epithelial cell survival. Required for epithelial wound healing, especially during actomyosin ring contraction during purse-string wound closure. Mediates RhoA-dependent membrane blebbing. Triggers TRPC5 channel activity in a calcium-dependent signaling, by inducing its subcellular localization at the plasma membrane. Promotes cell migration (including tumor cells) and tumor metastasis. PTK2B/PYK2 activation by phosphorylation mediates ITGB2 activation and is thus essential to trigger neutrophil transmigration during acute lung injury (ALI). May regulate optic nerve head astrocyte migration. Probably involved in mitotic cytoskeletal regulation. Regulates tight junction probably by modulating ZO-1 exchange in the perijunctional actomyosin ring. Mediates burn-induced microvascular barrier injury; triggers endothelial contraction in the development of microvascular hyperpermeability by phosphorylating MLC. Essential for intestinal barrier dysfunction. Mediates Giardia spp.-mediated reduced epithelial barrier function during giardiasis intestinal infection via reorganization of cytoskeletal F-actin and tight junctional ZO-1. Necessary for hypotonicity-induced Ca(2+) entry and subsequent activation of volume-sensitive organic osmolyte/anion channels (VSOAC) in cervical cancer cells. Responsible for high proliferative ability of breast cancer cells through anti-apoptosis.

Bradykinins are a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. May target bradykinin receptors (BDKRB). May cause hypotension. Vespakinin-M Protein, Vespa mandarinia, Recombinant (His & KSI) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-KSI tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.7 kDa and the accession number is Q7M3T3.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189. VEGF165 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), FITC-Labeled is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 22.2 kDa and the accession number is P15692-4.

Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Plays a key role in brain, probably by regulating the moment when neurotransmitters are released in neurons. Involved in sensory perception of mechanical pain: activation in somatosensory neurons induces pain without neurogenic inflammation and produces hypersensitivity to mechanical, but not thermal stimuli.

Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of renal collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Plays an essential role in renal water homeostasis. AQP2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.5 kDa and the accession number is P56402.

Derived from proteolytic degradation of complement C5, C5a anaphylatoxin is a mediator of local inflammatory process. Binding to the receptor C5AR1 induces a variety of responses including intracellular calcium release, contraction of smooth muscle, increased vascular permeability, and histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes. C5a is also a potent chemokine which stimulates the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and directs their migration toward sites of inflammation. Complement C5a Protein, Pig, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.6 kDa and the accession number is P01032.

BCL2 (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, N-Histidine-tagged), also known as Bcl-2, belongs to the Bcl-2 family. Bcl-2 family proteins regulate and contribute to programmed cell death or apoptosis. It is a large protein family and all members contain at least one of four BH (bcl-2 homology) domains. Certain members such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl1 are anti-apoptotic, whilst others are pro-apoptotic. Most Bcl-2 family members contain a C-terminal transmembrane domain that functions to target these proteins to the outer mitochondrial and other intracellular membranes. It is expressed in a variety of tissues. BCL2 blocks the apoptotic death of some cells such as lymphocytes. It also regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability and inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor. Constitutive expression of BCL2, such as in the case of translocation of BCL2 to Ig heavy chain locus, is thought to be the cause of follicular lymphoma. Two transcript variants, produced by alternate splicing, differ in their C-terminal ends.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy

Kininogen-1 is a secreted protein which contains three cystatin domains. There are two alternatively spliced forms, designated as the high molecular weight (HMW) and low MW (LMW) forms. Kininogen-1 plays a critical role in blood coagulation and inflammatory response. Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases. Kininogen-1 participates in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII, also inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes. The active peptide bradykinin that is released from Kininogen-1 shows a variety of physiological effects: influence in smooth muscle contraction, induction of hypotension, natriuresis and diuresis, decrease in blood glucose level. It is a mediator of inflammation and causes increase in vascular permeability, stimulation of nociceptors release of other mediators of inflammation. It has a cardioprotective effect. LMW-kininogen inhibits the aggregation of thrombocytes and doesn’t involved in blood clotting.

TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), a cytokine largely produced by vascular endothelial cells and a specific inhibitor of the proliferation of these same cells, can inhibit VEGF-induced vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo, and that death receptor 3 (DR3), a cell surface receptor of TNFSF15, mediates TNFSF15-induced dephosphorylation of VEGFR2. TNFSF15 Trimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Flag) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His-Flag tag. The predicted molecular weight is 58.2 kDa and the accession number is O95150-1.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189. VEGF121 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17 kDa and the accession number is P15692-9.

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) is an adhesion and signaling receptor that is expressed on endothelial and hematopoietic cells and plays important roles in angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and regulation of cellular responsiveness. CD31/PECAM-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 28-601, hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 91.2 kDa and the accession number is P16284-1.

Acts as a fimbriae subunit, allowing adhesion to host cells.; With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm. Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes; an internal gate slows down solute passage.

Seems to play a role in the development or function of the kidney glomerular filtration barrier. Regulates glomerular vascular permeability. May anchor the podocyte slit diaphragm to the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in skeletal muscle formation through regulation of myoblast fusion. Nephrin/NPHS1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.1 kDa and the accession number is O60500.

With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm. Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes; an internal gate slows down solute passage.; Required for conjugation with F-type plasmids; probably serves as the mating receptor on recipient cells.

Increases the permeability of the small intestine mucosa by affecting the structure of intercellular tight junctions (zonula occludens). Zot Protein, Vibrio cholerae serotype O1, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 48.4 kDa and the accession number is P38442.

FGFBP3 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor-binding protein family. Members of this family binds and activates FGF-1 and FGF-2, thereby contributing to tumor angiogenesis. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are important regulators of cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, e.g., during embryogenesis and wound healing, and under several pathological conditions including tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Expression of FGF-BP increases after injury to murine and human skin, in particular in keratinocytes. This upregulation is most likely achieved by major keratinocyte mitogens present at the wound site. FGFBP3 is a positive regulator of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway and vascular permeability. It interacts with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine, benzopyrene and valproic acid. FGFBP3 also exhibits fibroblast growth factor binding (orthology) and heparin binding (orthology).

Human Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as VEGF-A and vascular permeability factor (VPF), belongs to the platelet-derived growth factor family of cysteine-knot growth factors. It is a potent activator in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis both physiologically and pathologically. VEGF-A has 8 differently spliced isoforms, of which VEGF165 is the most abundant one. VEGF165 is a disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two glycosylated 165 amino acid polypeptide chains. VEGF stimulates the cellular response through binding to tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 on the cell surface. It is widely accepted that VEGFR2 mediate almost all of the known cellular responses to VEGF while the function of VEGFR1 is less defined and is thought to modulate the VEGFR2 signaling.

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) is an adhesion and signaling receptor that is expressed on endothelial and hematopoietic cells and plays important roles in angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and regulation of cellular responsiveness. CD31/PECAM-1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 65.30 kDa and the accession number is A0A7N9CHZ3.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189. VEGF165 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 22.2 kDa and the accession number is P15692-4.

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) is an adhesion and signaling receptor that is expressed on endothelial and hematopoietic cells and plays important roles in angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and regulation of cellular responsiveness. CD31/PECAM-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 28-601, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 65.6 kDa and the accession number is P16284-1.

The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a critical regulator of epithelial homeostasis. It has been implicated in multiple aspects of epithelial barrier function, including regulation of epithelial cell growth and permeability, production of mucus and antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), and complement production. IL-22 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 19.7 kDa and the accession number is Q9JJY9.

Secreted, cytolytic toxin that forms pores in host membranes after proteolytic removal of a C-terminal propeptide, leading to destruction of the membrane permeability barrier and cell death. The pores are formed by transmembrane beta-strands and are approximately 3 nm in diameter.

Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. GRIN1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 64.6 kDa and the accession number is Q05586.

May be involved in angiogenesis. May play a role in activity-dependent changes of brain vasculature. May affect blood-brain permeability. APOLD1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.4 kDa and the accession number is Q96LR9.