antimicrobial

Antimicrobial Compound 1 is an alkyl pyridinium compound with Tail 12C, Head 4-carboxyl. Antimicrobial Compound 1 exhibits antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis and E. coli.

Antimicrobial agent-21 is a potent mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity for the treatment of cataracts, ulcerative colitis, meningitis and Kawasaki's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Antimicrobial agent-26 is a powerful antimicrobial that has demonstrated the ability to counteract antibiotic resistance in vitro [1].

Antimicrobial Agent-7 (Compound 12) serves as a potent antimicrobial with an MIC range of 2-8 μg/mL effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, it demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties in combating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation [1].

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Antimicrobial agent-14 is a benzyl thiophene sulfonamide derivative that is often used as an antimicrobial agent.Antimicrobial agent-14 has a MIC value of 200 μM against Campylobacter coli ATCC33559, which can be used to study bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis.

Antimicrobial agent-22 (THI 6c) is an antimicrobial agent with low cytotoxicity, anti-biofilm activity and rapid bactericidal action.

Antimicrobial Agent-5 is a potent antimicrobial agent that exhibits exceptional cell selectivity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It inhibits the interaction between LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and the CD14/TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) receptor, demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity in combating LPS-induced inflammation.

Antimicrobial Agent-8 exhibits a high level of antimicrobial efficacy, demonstrating a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 2-8 μg/mL against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, this compound also possesses anti-inflammatory properties, effectively combating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

Antimicrobial agent-11 is a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor with antibacterial activity [1] .

Antimicrobial agent-4 (compound 6a) is a potent antimicrobial agent with high activity against microbial pathogens. -4 exhibits a high binding capacity of 10.0 kcal/mol for the target enzyme.

Antimicrobial Photosensitizer-1 demonstrates significant potential as an effective agent for treating infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms, with notable antimicrobial efficacy observed in S. aureus-infected mouse wound models [1].

Antimicrobial agent-12 serves as a powerful antibacterial compound that also exhibits inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 [1].

Antimicrobial Agent-1 (compound 6C) shows strong activity (MIC = 2 μg/mL) against TolC mutant E. coli. Additionally, it synergistically interacts with Colistin to exhibit enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Importantly, Antimicrobial Agent-1 exhibits no cytotoxic effects on mammalian cell lines. Its MIC values on Caco-2 and Vero cell lines are greater than 128 μg/mL [1].

Antimicrobial Agent-10 demonstrates exceptional antibacterial activity and inhibits SARS-CoV-2, positioning it as a potent antimicrobial compound [1].

Antimicrobial agent-3 (Compound U10) is an antimicrobial agent that is used against bacterial, fungal, and tubercular infections [1].

Antimicrobial agent-2 (compound V-a) inhibits against various Gram-positive and -negative bacteria that is broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with low toxicity, no obvious resistance and good bioavailability. Antimicrobial agent-2 effectively damage the membrane and lead to protein leakage as well as induce the ROS production. Antimicrobial agent-2 effectively inhibits against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a MIC of 1 μg/mL [1].

Compound E8 (Antimicrobial agent-24) is a hydrazide with broad-spectrum fungicidal properties, disrupting the plasma membrane's functionality and inducing morphological and subcellular structural changes in mycelia [1].

Bovine tracheal antimicrobial peptide, derived from the tracheal mucosa, exhibits antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli D31, K. pneumoniae 13883, S. aureus 25923, P. aeruginosa 27853, and C. albicans 14053, with respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 12-25 μg/ml for the first two pathogens, 25-50 μg/ml for the following two, and 6-12 μg/ml for the latter [1].

Antimicrobial Agent-6, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 4-8 μg/mL, is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, it demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties.

Antimicrobial Agent-9 (Compound 16) exhibits antimicrobial properties with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 4-8 μg/mL against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and also demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity [1].

LEAP-2 (Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2) is a peptide of human origin with antimicrobial properties, initially identified in blood [1].

Bovine Myeloid Antimicrobial Peptide (BMAP) 28, a synthetic peptide derived from bovine cathelicidin-5 (amino acids 132-158), exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, and the fungus C. albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2, 2, 4, 1, and 8 µM respectively. At a concentration of 200 nM, BMAP 28 permeabilizes the inner membrane of E. coli, and at 5 µM, it inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication in Vero 76 cells. Furthermore, at 30 µM, it causes hemolysis in human erythrocytes and cytotoxicity in human neutrophils. In vivo, a dose of 0.8 mg/kg enhances survival in mice infected with E. coli or MRSA, but not P. aeruginosa.

Cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) (128-153) is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide derived from amino acids 128-153 of chicken CATH-2, demonstrating activity against pathogens such as E. coli, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, and B. globigii in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 40 µM, it induces hemolysis in chicken erythrocytes without exhibiting cytotoxicity towards human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, it stimulates the production of the chemokine CCL2 and suppresses LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in human PBMCs.

SMAP 29, a bactericidal antimicrobial peptide and a cleavage product from the C-terminus of an ovine cathelicidin prepropeptide, is effective against P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 in both low- and high-salt conditions, as demonstrated in an energy-dependent luminescence assay with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of 0.05 and 0.06 µM, respectively. Additionally, it induces hemolysis in ovine red blood cells in a concentration-dependent manner.

SAAP 148, an antimicrobial peptide, effectively combats various multidrug-resistant bacteria in vitro and, in vivo, reduces skin colony-forming units (CFUs) in mouse models of A. baumannii or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections at concentrations ranging from 0.125-2% w/w.

Taurolidine is a synthetic taurine analog with antimicrobial and anti-neoplastic actions. It displays broad bactericidal and fungicidal activity.

4-Ethoxycoumarin has antimicrobial activity.

Sulfachloropyridazine (Sulfachlorpyridazine) is a sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.

Neomycin sulfate (Framycin sulfate) is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that blocks the synthesis of bacterial proteins in order to exert antimicrobial activity. Neomycin sulfate is commonly used to screen prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for Neo resistance genes.

Natamycin (Pimaricin) is a Polyene Antimicrobial.

Aucubin (Rhinanthin) is an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities.

Sulfamethoxazole (STX 608) is a Sulfonamide Antimicrobial. The mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole is as a Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitor. The chemical classification of sulfamethoxazole is Sulfonamides.

Phenoxyethanol (NSC-1864) is germicidal. It often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exerts its antimicrobial activity by altering the permeability of cell membranes and selectively inhibiting ribonucleic acid synthesis. Vancomycin can be used for the treatment of serious infections for which all antibiotics have failed.

Berberine hydrogen sulphate (Umbellatine Sulfate) , an alkaloid extracted from several plants, possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

2-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (2-MNI) is a heterocyclic compound with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities.2-MNI has been used in a variety of fields including biochemistry, pharmacology, and biotechnology.

2-Phenylethanol (Phenylethanol) is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant. It is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.

Trimethoprim (NSC-106568) is a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor Antibacterial. The mechanism of action of trimethoprim is as a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug/mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

2-Butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one is an orally available antimicrobial agent with antimicrobial activity commonly used in the pharmaceutical profession and food processing.

The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben (Nipagin) is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Methyl Paraben (Nipagin) is an antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent. Methyl Paraben (Nipagin) is a constituent of cloudberry, yellow passion fruit, white wine, botrytised wine and Bourbon vanilla.The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben (Nipagin) has been shown to exhibit anti-microbial function.

Trans-Aconitic acid is normally present in normal human urine, and it has been suggested that is present in larger amounts with Reye's syndrome and organic aciduria. trans-Aconitic acid is a substrate of enzyme trans-aconitate 2-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.

Meldrum's acid (Isopropylidene malonate) is an antimicrobial agent used in deodorant. Meldrum's acid-based multicomponent reaction is a potential tool to prepare novel polymers.

Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride (Bay-09867 hydrochloride) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.

PHYTOL (trans-Phytol) , a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, shows antinociceptive and antioxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. It is a specific activator of PPARα.

BC-7013 is a novel pleurophytin with antimicrobial activity that inhibits the activity of gram-positive pathogenic bacteria and can be used in the study of skin and respiratory infections.

Imidazolidinyl urea (Imidurea) is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.

Chlorhexidine diacetate (Bactigras) is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone aptamers blocks qurom sensing and inhibits biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.