p63 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 80.8 kDa and the accession number is Q9H3D4.

Neutrophil cytosol factor 1( NCF1) is a 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase. This oxidase is characterized as a multicomponent enzyme which is activated to produce superoxide anion. NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for the activation of the latent NADPH oxidase. The human NCF1 gene encodes a 390 amino acids protein without a signal peptide. The NCF1 gene interacts with other subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH) and plays an important role in innate immunity, producing reactive oxygen species and reducing the severity and duration of parasitic infection and autoimmune disease. NCF1 also has a role in T cell activation.

Triose-phosphate isomerase, also named Triose-phosphate isomerase, TPI and TIM, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of the triose phosphate isomers dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. TPI has been found in nearly every organism searched for the enzyme, including animals such as mammals and insects as well as in fungi, plants, and bacteria. However, some bacteria that do not perform glycolysis, like ureaplasmas, lack TPI. TPI plays an important role in glycolysis and is essential for efficient energy production. TPI deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder and the most severe clinical disorder of glycolysis. Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency is associated with neonatal jaundice, chronic hemolytic anemia, progressive neuromuscular dysfunction, cardiomyopathy and increased susceptibility to infection and characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia.

Interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta(IL10RB), also known as Cytokine receptor class-II member 4,Cytokine receptor family 2 member 4,Interleukin-10 receptor subunit 2, belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family. IL10RB is a single- pass type I membrane protein and contains two fibronectin type-III domains. It is an accessory chain which is essential for the active interleukin 10 receptor complex. Coexpression of IL10RB and IL10RA proteins has been shown to be required for IL10-induced signal transduction. Defects in IL10RB are the cause of inflammatory bowel disease type 25 (IBD25) which is a chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex etiology.

Pentraxin-2 (PTX-2), also known as serum amyloid P component (SAP/APCS), is a constitutive, antiinflammatory, innate immune plasma protein whose circulating level is decreased in chronic human fibrotic recombinant human PTX-2 (rhPTX-2) retards progression of chronic kidney disease in Col4a3 mutant mice with Alport syndrome, reducing blood markers of kidney failure, enhancing lifespan by 20%, and improving histological signs of disease. diseases. Pentraxin 2/SAP Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50 kDa and the accession number is P02743.

C1QTNF1 is a secreted protein，contains 1 C1q domain and 1 collagen-like domain. C1qTNF proteins constitute a highly conserved family of Acrp30/Adiponectin paralogs that share a modular organization comprising an N-terminal signal peptide, a short variable region, a collagenous domain and a C-terminal globular domain. C1qTNF proteins are predicted to have trimeric structures that assemble into hexameric and higher order molecular forms. C1QTNF1 is a novel adipokine, providing a significant framework to further address the physiological functions and mechanisms of the action of this family of secreted glycoproteins in normal and disease states. C1QTNF1 increases the production of aldosterone. C1QTNF1 is vastly expressed in obese subjects as well as up-regulated in hypertensive patients, C1QTNF1 is identified molecular link between obesity and hypertension. C1QTNF1 expression may be associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation status in adipose tissues.

CD5: a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. CD5 Protein (Primary Amine Labeling), Mouse, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.9 kDa and the accession number is P13379.

CD5: a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. CD5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 67.1 kDa and the accession number is P06127.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6), also known as C-C chemokine C10 has only been identified in rodents, which is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family, beta-chemokine subfamily. C-C chemokine C10 is involved in the chronic stages of host defense reactions. C10 chemokine rapidly promotes disease resolution in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model through its direct effects on the cellular events critically involved in host defense during septic peritonitis. CCL6 appears to contribute to the macrophage infiltration that is independent of other CC chemokines. C10 is a prominent chemokine expressed in the central nervous system in experimental inflammatory demyelinating disease, also acts as a potent chemotactic factor for the migration of these leukocytes to the brain. CCL6 may be a mediator released by microglia for cell-cell communication under physiological as well as pathological conditions of CNS. Additionally, the chemokine CCL6 may alter tumor behavior by relieving its growth factor dependency and by promoting invasiveness as a result of local tissue apoptosis.

Death-associated protein kinase 1, also known as DAP kinase 1, DAPK1 and DAPK, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to theprotein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser / Thr protein kinase family and DAP kinase subfamily. DAPK1 contains tenANK repeats, onedeath domain and oneprotein kinase domain. DAPK1 is a calcium / calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase which acts as a positive regulator of apoptosis. DAPK1 gene is a candidate tumor suppressor (TSG) and the abnormal methylation of DAPK1 gene has been found in many carcinomas. DAPK1 over-expression can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell metastasis. DAPK1 gene over-expression could suppress PGCl3 cells malignant phenotype, inhibit PGCl3 cells growth, invasive, migration and adhesion ability, upregulate p53 gene and downregulate bcl-2 gene. Loss of activity of death-associated protein kinase 1 ( DAPK1 ) may be an independent factor affecting survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients. DAPK1 promoter methylation might play a significant role in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ).

Dysregulation of MST1/STK4, a key kinase component of the Hippo-YAP pathway, is linked to the etiology of many cancers with poor prognosis. STK4/Hippo pathway may have important therapeutic implications for cancer. The tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (STK4) differentially regulates TLR3/4/9-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages and thereby is protective against chronic inflammation-associated Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). STK4 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammation-induced HCC.

B3GNT6 belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family. B3GNT6 play s an important role in the synthesis of mucin-type O-glycans in digestive organs. It catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr (Tn antigen) to form the core 3 structure (GlcNAcbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr). Core 3 structure exists in O-glycan which is an important precursor in the biosynthesis of mucin-type glycoproteins. Loss of core 3 could lead to the production of secreted mucins, then bacteria would be inefficiently cleared from the system, and chronic inflammation would be developed, which eventually would result in development of cancer. B3GNT6 gene is a tumor suppressor gene.

CALCB, also known as CGPR and calcitonin 2, belongs to the calcitonin family. CALCB is a calcitonin (CT) peptide which may play a role in the mediation of human inflammatory diseases. It is highly expressed in the skin, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. CGRP immunolabeling (IL) was detected in epidermal keratinocytes at levels that were especially high and widespread in the skin of humans from locations afflicted with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and complex region pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS), of monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus, and of rats subjected to L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation, sciatic nerve chronic constriction, and subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Increased CGRP-IL was also detected in epidermal keratinocytes of transgenic mice with keratin-14 promoter driven overexpression of noggin, an antagonist to BMP-4 signaling. CGPR dilates a variety of vessels including the coronary, cerebral and systemic vasculature.

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, also known as Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-64, IRAK-4, and IRAK4, is a member of the protein kinase superfamily, TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and Pelle subfamily. IRAK4 contains one death domain and one protein kinase domain. IRAK4 is required for the efficient recruitment of IRAK1 to the IL-1 receptor complex following IL-1 engagement, triggering intracellular signaling cascades leading to transcriptional up-regulation and mRNA stabilization. It also phosphorylates IRAK1. A member of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase (IRAK) family, IRAK4, has been shown to play an essential role in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling. IL-1-mediated IRAK4 kinase activity in T cells is essential for the induction of IL-23R expression, Th17 differentiation, and autoimmune disease. Pharmacological blocking of IRAK4 kinase activity will retain some levels of host defense while reducing the levels and duration of inflammatory responses, which should provide beneficial therapies for sepsis and chronic inflammatory diseases. Defects in IRAK4 are the cause of recurrent isolated invasive pneumococcal disease type 1 (IPD1) which is defined as two episodes of IPD occurring at least 1 month apart, whether caused by the same or different serotypes or strains. Recurrent IPD occurs in at least 2% of patients in most series, making IPD the most important known risk factor for subsequent IPD. Defects in IRAK4 are also the cause of IRAK4 deficiency which causes extracellular pyogenic bacterial and fungal infections in otherwise healthy children.

Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2) is a proinflammatory protein belonging to the angiopoietin-like family. ANGPTL2 is secreted and detected in the systemic circulation. Different observational clinical studies reported that circulating levels of ANGPTL2 increase significantly in various chronic inflammatory diseases and showed associations between ANGPTL2 levels and diagnosis and/or prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and various types of cancers. ANGPTL2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.1 kDa and the accession number is Q9UKU9-1.

Seizure-related protein 6 (Sez6) contributes to chronic pain development as sez6 knockout mice show attenuated pain behaviours after peripheral nerve injury, compared with control mice. The type I transmembrane isoform of Sez6 is cleaved by the β-amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), resulting in Sez6 extracellular domain shedding from the neuron surface. SEZ6 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 99.11 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5WPJ4.

Atherosclerosis, characterized by the formation of fat-laden plaques, is a chronic inflammatory disease. ABCA1 promotes cholesterol efflux, reduces cellular cholesterol accumulation, and regulates anti-inflammatory activities in an apoA-I- or ANXA1-dependent manner. The latter activity occurs by mediating the efflux of ANXA1, which plays a critical role in anti-inflammatory effects, cholesterol transport, exosome and microparticle secretion, and apoptotic cell clearance. ANXA1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.6 kDa and the accession number is P10107.

Mucins are key components of the mucosal barrier in the stomach that protects epithelia from carcinogenic effects of chronic inflammation. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that mucin17 (MUC17) was more highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) specimens, with favourable prognosis for patients. And that p38 signalling is a key factor involved in MUC17-mediated inhibition of GC cell proliferation and protection against inflammatory stimulation, MUC17 upregulates the expression of MYH9 and p53, and activates the p38 pathway in GC cells through RhoA signalling.

Serum Amyloid A1 Protein (SAA1) is an acute phase apolipoprotein reactant that is produced predominantly by hepatocytes and is under the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. SAA is produced mainly in the liver and circulates in low levels in the blood. SAA may play a role in the immune system and facilitate the repair of injured tissues, it also acts as an antibacterial agent, and signals the migration of germ-fighting cells to sites of infection. SAA also functions as an apolipoprotein of the HDL complex. The SAA cleavage product designated amyloid protein A is deposited systemically as amyloid in vital organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys in chronic inflammatory diseases patients. These deposits are extremely insoluble and resistant to proteolysis; they disrupt tissue structure and compromise performance.

CD5: a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. CD5 Protein, Rhesus macaque, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.7 kDa and the accession number is F6V5Q9.

Interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein within the class I cytokine receptor family, type 4 subfamily. IL-21R is expressed mainly on B cells, NK cells, and activated T cells, but is also found on dendritic cells, alternatively activated macrophages, intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and keratinocytes. Both IL-21 and IL-4 are necessary for efficient B cell IgG1 production and normal germinal center architecture. B cell IL-21 R engagement induces Blimp-1(which mediates plasma cell differentiation), and is important for memory responses. IL-21R engagement on mouse NK cells enhances their cytotoxic activity and IFN-γ production. IL-21R engagement on CD8+ T cells aids control of viral infection and tumor growth; IL-21R is also necessary for sufficient numbers of regulatory T cells to combat chronic inflammation. IL-21R expression is often up-regulated in allergic skin inflammation, systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Inactive dipeptidyl peptidase 1, also known as Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-related protein 3, Dipeptidyl peptidase X, Dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein 2, DPRP-3, DPL2 and DPP1, is a single-pass type II membrane protein which belongs to thepeptidase S9B family.DPPIV subfamily. It may modulate cell surface expression and activity of the potassium channels KCND1 and KCND2. DPP1 / DPRP3 has no detectable protease activity, most likely due to the absence of the conserved serine residue normally present in the catalytic domain of serine proteases. However, it does bind specific voltage-gated potassium channels and alters their expression and biophysical properties. Genetic variations in DPP1 are associated with susceptibility to asthma (ASTHMA). The most common chronic disease affecting children and young adults. It is a complex genetic disorder with a heterogeneous phenotype, largely attributed to the interactions among many genes and between these genes and the environment. It is characterized by recurrent attacks of paroxysmal dyspnea, with weezing due to spasmodic contraction of the bronchi.

BCL2-like 12 (BCL2L12 ) is a new member of the apoptosis-related BCL2 gene family, members of which are implicated in various malignancies. The mRNA expression of BCL2L12 may constitute a novel biomarker for the prediction of short-term relapse in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BCL2L12 is a recently identified gene belonging to the BCL2 family, members of which are implicated in hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). BCL2L12 can be considered as a new independent prognostic and chemotherapy response marker in AML. BCL2L12 mRNA expression may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in tongue and/or larynx SCC, which principally constitute the great majority of HNSCC cases worldwide. BCL2L12 mRNA expression is a favorable prognostic marker of DFS for BC patients, suggesting its possible application as a novel prognostic indicator of this malignancy.

ETHE1, also known as HSCO, is a sulfur dioxygenase that localizes within the mitochondrial matrix. ETHE1 probably plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis in mitochondria. It may also function as a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein that binds transcription factor RELA/NFKB3 in the nucleus and exports it to the cytoplasm. ETHE1 can suppresses p53-induced apoptosis by preventing nuclear localization of RELA. Mutations in ETHE1 gene result in ethylmalonic encephalopathy. Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is an autosomal recessive, invariably fatal disorder characterized by early-onset encephalopathy, microangiopathy, chronic diarrhea, defective cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in muscle and brain, high concentrations of C4 and C5 acylcarnitines in blood and high excretion of ethylmalonic acid in urine.

Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) is a novel cytokine that regulates insulin sensitivity and counteracts activin/myostatin signalling. In the present study, regulation of FSTL3 in renal dysfunction was investigated in both human chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney dysfunction (AKD). Furthermore, mFSTL3 expression was analysed in insulin-sensitive tissues in a mouse model of CKD.

Serpin E2 is a secreted protein that belongs to the serpin family. Serpin E2 is a serine protease inhibitor with activity toward thrombin, trypsin, and urokinase. Serpin E2 expression is weak or absent in all normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis tissue. In contrast, it was strongly over-expressed in the majority of pancreatic carcinoma as well as gastric and colorectal cancer samples. Serpin E2 promotes neurite extension by inhibiting thrombin. It also can bind heparin. It has been shown that Serpin E2 is a novel target of ERK signaling involved in human colorectal tumorigenesis. It plays an important role in controlling male fertility because its knockout male mice show a marked impairment in fertility from the onset of sexual maturity and its abnormal expression is found in the semen of men with seminal dysfunction.

Membrane primary amine oxidase(AOC3), also known as vascular adhesion protein (VAP-1) and HPAO, this protein is a member of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) family. VAP-1 is a type 1 membrane-bound glycoprotein that has a distal adhesion domain and an enzymatically active amine oxidase site outside of the membrane, VAP-1 has adhesive properties, functional monoamine oxidase activity, and possibly plays a role in glucose handling, leukocyte trafficking, and migration during inflammation. This rise in metabolic products contributes to generating advanced glycation end-products and oxidative stress along with the monoamine detoxification in the organism. It is highly expressed on the endothelium of the lung and trachea, and absent from leukocytes and epithelial cells. Membrane-bound VAP-1 releases an active, soluble form of the protein, which may be conducive to increased inflammation and the progression of many vascular disorders. In particular, elevation of VAP-1 activity and the increased enzymatic-mediated deamination is proposed to play a role in renal and vascular disease, oxidative stress, acute and chronic hyperglycemia, and diabetes complications.

Seizure-related protein 6 (Sez6) contributes to chronic pain development as sez6 knockout mice show attenuated pain behaviours after peripheral nerve injury, compared with control mice. The type I transmembrane isoform of Sez6 is cleaved by the β-amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), resulting in Sez6 extracellular domain shedding from the neuron surface. SEZ6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 100.7 kDa and the accession number is Q53EL9-1.

Atherosclerosis, characterized by the formation of fat-laden plaques, is a chronic inflammatory disease. ABCA1 promotes cholesterol efflux, reduces cellular cholesterol accumulation, and regulates anti-inflammatory activities in an apoA-I- or ANXA1-dependent manner. The latter activity occurs by mediating the efflux of ANXA1, which plays a critical role in anti-inflammatory effects, cholesterol transport, exosome and microparticle secretion, and apoptotic cell clearance. ANXA1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.5 kDa and the accession number is P04083.

CD5: a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. CD5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 67.1 kDa and the accession number is P06127.

Atherosclerosis, characterized by the formation of fat-laden plaques, is a chronic inflammatory disease. ABCA1 promotes cholesterol efflux, reduces cellular cholesterol accumulation, and regulates anti-inflammatory activities in an apoA-I- or ANXA1-dependent manner. The latter activity occurs by mediating the efflux of ANXA1, which plays a critical role in anti-inflammatory effects, cholesterol transport, exosome and microparticle secretion, and apoptotic cell clearance. ANXA1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.69 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5W030.

Recombinant Murine TFF-2 is an 11.9 kDa polypeptide of 106 amino acid residues, which includes a 40-amino acid trefoil motif containing three conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds. The Trefoil Factor peptides (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, and appear to play an important role in intestinal mucosal defense and repair. TFF2 has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion. Recent data suggests a potential role for TFF2 in acute and chronic asthma. It inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion. As a structural component of gastric mucus, it possibly by stabilizing glycoproteins in the mucus gel through interactions with carbohydrate side chains.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of CD5 B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, lymphoid organs and bone marrow. The main feature of the disease is accumulation of the malignant cells due to decreased apoptosis. CD84 belongs to the signaling lymphocyte activating molecule family of immunoreceptors, and has an unknown function in CLL cells.

CD5: a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. CD5 Protein, Rhesus macaque, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.7 kDa and the accession number is F6V5Q9.

Follistatin-like 3 (FLRG/Fstl3) is a secreted glycoprotein of the follistatin-module-protein family. It may have a role in leukemogenesis. FLRG/Fstl3 is a recently described member of the FST family having an overall structure and activity profile similar to that of FST, including binding and neutralization of activin. FLRG/Fstl3 is expressed in a wide range of adult tissues, not detected in hematopoietic cells except in patients with a B cell chronic leukemia and a translocation. Isoform 1 or the secreted form is a binding and antagonizing protein for members of the TGF-beta family, such us activin, BMP2 and MSTN. Inhibits activin A-, activin B-, BMP2- and MSDT-induced cellular signaling; more effective on activin A than on activin B. Involved in bone formation; inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Involved in hematopoiesis; involved in differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells, increases hematopoietic cell adhesion to fibronectin and seems to contribute to the adhesion of hematopoietic precursor cells to the bone marrow stroma. Isoform 2 of FLRG/Fstl3 or the nuclear form of FLRG/Fstl3 is probably involved in transcriptional regulation via interaction with MLLT10. Modulation of activin and other TGFβ superfamily signaling is the primary mechanism of action for both follistatin (FS) and FS-like 3 (FSTL-3). FLRG/Fstl3 is likely to be a local regulator of activin action in gonadal development and gametogenesis and, further, that activin appears to have important actions in gonadal development and function that are critical for normal reproduction.

Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins 4 (MCP-4/CCL13) is a member of a distinct, structurally-related subclass of CC chemokines mainly involved in recruitment of eosinphils to inflammatory sites. CCL13/MCP-4, is a CC family chemokine that is chemoattractant for eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, macrophages, immature dendritic cells, and T cells, and its capable of inducing crucial immuno-modulatory responses through its effects on epithelial, muscular and endothelial cells. Similar to other CC chemokines, CCL13 binds to several chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3), allowing it to elicit different effects on its target cells. A number of studies have shown that CCL13 is involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases, in which it functions as a pivotal molecule involved in the selective recruitment of cell lineages to the inflamed tissues and their subsequent activation. MCP-4/CCL13 is secreted from chondrocytes and activates the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells, thereby leading to joint destruction in RA. The interferon-gamma in combination with interleukin-1beta/tumor necrosis factor-alpha activates the production of MCP-4/CCL13 from chondrocytes in RA joints, and that secreted MCP-4/CCL13 enhances fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. CCL13 may have some role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Matrix metallopeptidase 3 (abbreviated as MMP3) is also known as stromelysin 1 and progelatinase. MMP3 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family whose members are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, tissue remodeling, and disease processes including arthritis and metastasis. As a secreted zinc-dependent endopeptidase, MMP3 exerts its functions mainly in the extracellular matrix. This protein is activated by two major endogenous inhibitors: alpha2-macroglobulin and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). MMP3 plays a central role in degrading collagen types II, III, IV, IX, and X, proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminin, and elastin. Also, MMP3 can active other MMPs such as MMP1, MMP7, and MMP9, rendering MMP3 crucial in connective tissue remodeling. Dysregulation of MMPs has been implicated in many diseases including arthritis, chronic ulcers, encephalomyelitis, and cancer. Synthetic or natural inhibitors of MMPs result in inhibition of metastasis, while up-regulation of MMPs led to enhanced cancer cell invasion.

Chymotrypsin C (abbreviated for CTRC), also known as caldecrin or elastase4, is a digestive enzyme of the peptidase S1 family. This enzyme is synthesized as an inactivate chymotrypsinogen. On cleavage by trypsin into two parts that activate each other by removing two small peptides in a trans-proteolysis, chymotrypsin C produced. N-linked glycosylation of human CTRC is required for efficient folding and secretion, however, the N-linked glycan is unimportant for enzyme activity or inhibitor binding. It has been proposed that CTRC is a key regulator of digestive zymogen activation and a physiological co-activator of digestive carboxypeptidases proCPA1 and proCPA2. Mutations that abolish activity or secretion of CTRC increase the risk for chronic pancreatitis. It's speculated that CTRC might regulate pancreatic cancer cell migration in relation to cytokeratin 18 expression. The pancreatic cancer cell migration ability was downregulated in pancreatic cancer Aspc-1 cells that overexpressed CTRC, whereas the cell migration ability was upregulated in Aspc-1 cells in which CTRC was suppressed.

CHST11, also known as C4ST-1, belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family. CHST11 localizes to the golgi membrane, and catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage, and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. A chromosomal translocation involving CHST11 gene and IgH, t(12;14)(q23;q32), has been reported in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Serpin E2 is a member of the Serpin superfamily. It is differentially expressed during neuronal differentiation and is able to transform human embryonic kidney cells into neuronlike cells. Its over-expression in mice leads to progressive neuronal and motor dysfunction in these animals. It is also over-expressed in the majority of pancreatic carcinoma as well as gastric and colorectal cancer samples whereas it is weakly expressed in all normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis tissue samples. Serpin E2 is a potent inhibitor of thrombin, trypsin, urokinase, plasmin and plasminogen activators. It plays an important role in controlling male fertility because its knockout male mice show a marked impairment in fertility from the onset of sexual maturity and its abnormal expression is found in the semen of men with seminal dysfunction.

The chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2B (CCR2B) is one of the two isoforms of the receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), the major chemoattractant for monocytes, involved in an array of chronic inflammatory diseases. The actin-binding protein filamin A (FLNa) as a protein that associates with the carboxyl-terminal tail of CCR2B. FLNa emerges as an important protein for controlling the internalization and spatial localization of the CCR2B receptor in different dynamic membrane structures.

Glycine N-Methyltransferase (GNMT) is a tetrameric cytosolic protein. GNMT catalyzes the synthesis of N-methylglycine from glycine using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as the methyl donor. It can affects DNA methylation by regulating the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocystine, playing an important role in maintaining normal AdoMet levels. GNMT is highly expressed in liver. As a major folate-binding protein, GNMT takes part in the detoxification pathway. Defects in GNMT are the cause of hypermethioninemia. the patients with this deficiency are mild hepatomegaly and chronic elevation of serum transaminases.

Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2) is a proinflammatory protein belonging to the angiopoietin-like family. ANGPTL2 is secreted and detected in the systemic circulation. Different observational clinical studies reported that circulating levels of ANGPTL2 increase significantly in various chronic inflammatory diseases and showed associations between ANGPTL2 levels and diagnosis and/or prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and various types of cancers. ANGPTL2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.1 kDa and the accession number is Q9UKU9-1.

Butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) is an approximately widely expressed and variably glycosylated type I transmembrane glycoprotein. Mature human Butyrophilin 2A1 consisits of a 220 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain with two immunoglobulin-like domains, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 258 aa cytoplasmic domain. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of human Butyrophilin 2A1 that lack the first Ig like domain or transmembrane segment as well as isoforms with substitutions and deletions in the cytoplasmic region. BTN2A1 is widely expressed including on colonic epithelial cells, on immune cells, and in milk fat globules. It binds to the C-type lectin DCSIGN on monocytederived dendritic cells, and this interaction can be blocked by soluble gp130 from HIV. The polymorphism of BTN2A1 has been associated with metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension.

Seizure-related protein 6 (Sez6) contributes to chronic pain development as sez6 knockout mice show attenuated pain behaviours after peripheral nerve injury, compared with control mice. The type I transmembrane isoform of Sez6 is cleaved by the β-amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), resulting in Sez6 extracellular domain shedding from the neuron surface. SEZ6 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 98.8 kDa and the accession number is Q7TSK2.

Seizure-related protein 6 (Sez6) contributes to chronic pain development as sez6 knockout mice show attenuated pain behaviours after peripheral nerve injury, compared with control mice. The type I transmembrane isoform of Sez6 is cleaved by the β-amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), resulting in Sez6 extracellular domain shedding from the neuron surface. SEZ6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 98.9 kDa and the accession number is Q53EL9-1.

Members of the S100 protein family are involved in calcium- or zinc-dependent cellular functions and regulate immune-mechanisms, cell proliferation and differentiation. Some S100 members have been established as tumor markers because they are dysregulated during carcinogenesis. Psoriasin (S100A7) and koebnerisin (S100A15) are highly homologous proteins that have been first described in psoriasis, which is characterized by disturbed epidermal maturation and chronic inflammation. Several studies showed that the coexpression of the hS100A7 and hS100A15 in psoriasis suggests that both proteins participate in keratinocyte maturation, proliferation and/or skin inflammation.

Glucose-6-Phosphate 1-Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a cytosolic enzyme that belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. G6PD participates in the pentose phosphate pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). G6PD produces pentose sugars for nucleic acid synthesis and main producer of NADPH reducing power. NADPH in turn maintains the level of glutathione in these cells that helps protect the red blood cells against oxidative damage. It is notable in humans that G6PD is remarkable for its genetic diversity. G6PD deficiency may cause neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis, or severe chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia.

MMP1, also known as MMP-1, contains 4 hemopexin-like domains and is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Matrix metalloproteases, also called matrixins, are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are the major proteases involved in ECM degradation. MMPs are capable of degrading a wide range of extracellular molecules and some bioactive molecules. MMP activity is regulated by two major endogenous inhibitors: alpha2-macroglobulin and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). MMPs play a central role in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and host defenses. Dysregulation of MMPs has been implicated in many diseases including arthritis, chronic ulcers, encephalomyelitis, and cancer. Tumour metastasis is a multistep process involving the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to secondary at a distant organ or tissue. One of the first steps in metastasis is the degradation of the basement membrane, a process in which MMPs have been implicated. MMPs are secreted by tumor cells themselves or by surrounding stromal cells stimulated by the nearby tumor. Numerous studies have linked altered MMP expression in different human cancers with poor disease prognosis. MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, -13 and -14 all have elevated expression in primary tumors and/or metastases. MMP-1 cleaves collagens of types I, II, and III at one site in the helical domain. It also cleaves collagens of types VII and X. In case of HIV infection, MMP1 interacts and cleaves the secreted viral Tat protein, leading to a decrease in neuronal Tat's mediated neurotoxicity.

SerpinA3, also known as Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), is a plasma alpha globulin glycoprotein, and is a member of serpin superfamily of the serine protease inhibitors consisting of at least 35 members. SerpinA3 has been demonstrated to inhibit the activity of certain serine proteases, such as cathepsin G found in neutrophils, and chymases present in mast cells, by inducing a major conformational rearrangement, and thus protects some tissues from damage caused by proteolytic enzymes. This enzyme is produced primarily in the liver, and is identified as an acute-phase inflammatory protein. SerpinA3 deficiency has been associated with liver disease, and mutations of this gene have been observed in patients with Parkinson disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Besides, ACT gene polymorphism has been implicated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), as well as stroke, since SerpinA3 is a major constituent of the plaques in AD and an inhibitor of amyloid beta peptide degradation.