Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm. Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm. Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via its role in the contraction of arterial smooth muscle cells. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group.

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. ACTA2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.8 kDa and the accession number is P62736.

ENO3 is one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. As a homodimer, ENO3 is found in skeletal muscle cells in the adult. A switch from alpha enolase to beta enolase occurs in muscle tissue during development in rodents. Mutations in ENO3 gene can be associated with metabolic myopathies that may result from decreased stability of the enzyme. Two transcripts have been identified for ENO3 gene that differ only in their 5' UTR. ENO3 may play a role in muscle development and regeneration. It appears to have a function in striated muscle development and regeneration.

PKM2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60 kDa and the accession number is P52480-2.

Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. MYL3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 48.8 kDa and the accession number is P08590.

DENR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.0 kDa and the accession number is O43583.

Muscle contraction. Myosin-6/MYH6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 80.8 kDa and the accession number is P13533.

E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-hypertrophic PKC-mediated signaling pathway. May regulate the organization of myofibrils through TTN in muscle cells.

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. ACTA1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.8 kDa and the accession number is P68133.

Nucleolar protein 3 is encoded by NOL3 gene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. So far, Nucleolar protein 3 has show to have two Isoforms. Isoform 1 may be involved in RNA splicing. Isoform 2 functions as an apoptosis repressor that blocks multiple modes of cell death. It inhibits extrinsic apoptotic pathways through two different ways. Firstly, it by interacting with FAS and FADD upon FAS activation blocking death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) assembly. Secondly by interacting with CASP8 in a mitochondria localization- and phosphorylation-dependent manner, limiting the amount of soluble CASP8 available for DISC-mediated activation. It has been shown to down-regulate the enzyme activities of caspase 2, caspase 8 and tumor protein p53.

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants in ACYP2 and WFS1 that are associated with cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. We sought to explore the role of these genetic susceptibility factors to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in patients with testicular cancer. Telomere length, as a marker of biological aging, has been reported to influence the risk of several age-related diseases, including ischemic stroke. Recent studies have identified the genetic variant within ACYP2 and TSPYL6 associated with shorter telomere length. The research showed that that the G allele of rs11896604 and the A allele of rs12615793 within ACYP2 gene, rs12615793- smoking interaction, and rs11896604-alcohol drinking interaction were all associated with increased IS risk.

Calsequestrin-1 is an isoform of calsequestrin. Calsequestrin is a calcium-binding protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. It helps hold calcium in the cisterna of the sarcoplasmic reticulum after a muscle contraction, even though the concentration of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum is much higher than in the cytosol. Two forms of calsequestrin have been identified: Calsequestrin-2 and Calsequestrin-1. Calsequestrin-1 is found in fast skeletal muscle. The release of calsequestrin-bound calcium (through a calcium release channel) triggers muscle contraction. The active protein is not highly structured, more than 5% of it adopting a random coil conformation. When calcium binds there is a structural change whereby the alpha-helical content of the protein increases from 3 to 11%. Both forms of calsequestrin are phosphorylated by casein kinase 2, but the cardiac form is phosphorylated more rapidly and to a higher degree. Calsequestrin-1 is also secreted in the gut where it deprives bacteria of calcium ions.

CKM, also known as CK-MM, is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle. As the primary CK isoenzyme, it also can be detected in heart muscle. CKM is a subunit of creatine kinase (CK). CK is an enzyme expressed by various tissues and cell types. It catalyses the conversion of creatine and consumes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In the cells, the cytosolic CK enzymes consist of two subunits, which can be either B (brain type) or M (muscle type).

Phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle isoform, also known as Phosphorylase kinase subunit gamma-1 and PHKG1, is a member of the protein kinase superfamily and CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PHKG1 is the catalytic member of a 16 subunit protein kinase complex that contains equimolar ratios of 4 subunit types. The complex is a crucial glycogenolytic regulatory enzyme. Muscle glycogenosis caused by phosphorylase kinase (Phk) deficiency may lead to exercise intolerance, weakness and musculatur atrophy. The gene encoding the muscle isoform of the Phk gamma subunit (gamma M) is one of the candidate genes in which mutations responsible for this condition should be sought. Muscle-specific deficiency of Phk causes glycogen storage disease, clinically manifesting in exercise intolerance with early fatiguability, pain, cramps and occasionally myoglobinuria.

PKM2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61.8 kDa and the accession number is P11980.

Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. MYL6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.7 kDa and the accession number is P60660.

PKM2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61.8 kDa and the accession number is P52480.

CSRP3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

MUSK Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.8 kDa and the accession number is O15146.

E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-hypertrophic PKC-mediated signaling pathway. May regulate the organization of myofibrils through TTN in muscle cells.

Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. TnTf Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.0 kDa and the accession number is Q8MKI3.

Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. TNNI2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.2 kDa and the accession number is P13412.

Thin filament-associated protein that is implicated in the regulation and modulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is capable of binding to actin, calmodulin and tropomyosin. The interaction of calponin with actin inhibits the actomyosin Mg-ATPase activity. Calponin-2/CNN2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.6 kDa and the accession number is Q99439.

Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein. Aldolase A Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 46.7 kDa and the accession number is P05064.

Nucleolar Protein 3 is encoded by NOL3 gene; multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. So far, Nucleolar protein 3 has show to have two Isoforms. Isoform 1 may be involved in RNA splicing.Isoform 2 may inhibit apoptosis.It has been shown to down-regulate the enzyme activities of caspase 2, caspase 8 and tumor protein p53.

6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type is a muscle-type isozyme that in humans is encoded by the PFKM gene. It belongs to the phosphofructokinase family and Two domains subfamily. PFKM functions as subunits of the mammalian tetramer phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. PFK1 converts fructose 6-phosphate and ATP into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-1), fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-2) and ADP.

CFL1, also known as n-cofilin, is a member of the ADF/Cofilin family. This family comprises three genes: CFL1, CFL2 and DSTN (destrin). ADF/Cofilin family members bind G-actin monomers and depolymerize actin filaments through two mechanisms: severing and increasing the off-rate for actin monomers from the pointed end. Cofilin also binds with other proteins such as myosin, tropomyosin, α-actinin, gelsolin and scruin. These proteins compete with cofilin for actin binding. Сofilin also plays a role in innate immune response. CFL1 contains 1 ADF-H domain and is widely distributed in various tissues. It is important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis.

Appears to have a function in striated muscle development and regeneration.

May have an involvement in muscle development or hypertrophy. FHL1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.3 kDa and the accession number is Q13642.

MUSK Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

Muscle contraction. Myosin-1 Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.9 kDa and the accession number is Q9BE40.

Thick filament-associated protein located in the crossbridge region of vertebrate striated muscle a bands. In vitro it binds MHC, F-actin and native thin filaments, and modifies the activity of actin-activated myosin ATPase. It may modulate muscle contraction or may play a more structural role. MYBPC2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.5 kDa and the accession number is Q14324.

Appears to have a function in striated muscle development and regeneration. ENO3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 54.3 kDa and the accession number is P21550.

Phosphorylates a specific serine in the N-terminus of a myosin light chain, which leads to the formation of calmodulin/MLCK signal transduction complexes which allow selective transduction of calcium signals. MLCK Protein, Chicken, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 52.9 kDa and the accession number is P11799.

Muscle contraction. Myosin-6/MYH6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 76.8 kDa and the accession number is P13533.

E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-hypertrophic PKC-mediated signaling pathway. May regulate the organization of myofibrils through TTN in muscle cells.

Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. TNNI1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (Flag & His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-Flag and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.6 kDa and the accession number is Q9WUZ5.

Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein. Aldolase A Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.3 kDa and the accession number is P05064.

Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein. ALDOA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.3 kDa and the accession number is P04075.

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase A Chain (LDHA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate and NAD+ to pyruvate and NADH in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. LDHA contains an N-terminal coenzyme binding region, a central catalytic site, and at least nine utilized Lys acetylation and two Tyr phosphorylation sites. LDHA belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family, expressed predominantly in muscle tissue. LDHA mutations have been linked to exertional myoglobinuria.

Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2, also known as GST class-mu 2, GSTM2-2, and GSTM2, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the GST superfamily and Mu family. GSTM2 / GST4 contains one GST C-terminal domain and one GST N-terminal domain. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a multigene family of enzymes largely involved in the detoxification of chemicals. Eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta, and zeta. Butyrate, an important luminal component produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers, is an efficient inducer of GSTs and especially of GSTM2. Butyrate may act chemoprotective by increasing detoxification capabilities in the colon mucosa.

Cofilin 2 (muscle), also known as CFL2, is a member of cofilin family of the actin-binding protein superfamily. Cofilin2 shows significant homology to the other two members: cofilin 1 and DSTN, through its entire sequence, and contains residues conserved among the cofilin family that are responsible for actin-binding. Cofilin 2 (CFL2) is an important regulator of striated myocyte function. Purified cofilin 2 depolymerized actin filaments in a dose- and pH-dependent manner and reduced the apparent viscosity of an actin solution, although they did not co-sediment with actin filaments at all. Cofilin2 is not expressed in vegetative cells, but is transiently induced during the aggregation stage of development, whereas cofilin 1 was predominantly expressed in vegetative cells.

Muscle, skeletal receptor tyrosine-protein kinase, also known as Muscle-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor, Muscle-specific kinase receptor, and MUSK, is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily and tyr protein kinase family. MUSK contains one FZ (frizzled) domain, three Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, and one protein kinase domain. This protein is a muscle-specific tyrosine kinase receptor and it may play a role in clustering of the acetylcholine receptor in the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. MUSK expression is increased in muscle cells stimulated with Wnt or at conditions when the Wnt signaling was activated. MUSK is a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by agrin. It has a critical role in neuromuscular synapse formation. MUSK is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is a key mediator of agrin's action and is involved in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) organization. Defects in the MUSK encoding gene are a cause of autosomal recessive congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). Congenital myasthenic syndromes are inherited disorders of neuromuscular transmission that stem from mutations in presynaptic, synaptic, or postsynaptic proteins. MUSK mutations lead to decreased agrin-dependent AChR aggregation, a critical step in the formation of the neuromuscular junction. Mutations in this receptor encoding gene also have been associated with the congenital myasthenic syndrome.

Cellular myosin that appears to play a role in cytokinesis, cell shape, and specialized functions such as secretion and capping. Required for cortical actin clearance prior to oocyte exocytosis. Promotes cell motility in conjunction with S100A4. During cell spreading, plays an important role in cytoskeleton reorganization, focal contact formation (in the margins but not the central part of spreading cells), and lamellipodial retraction; this function is mechanically antagonized by MYH10. Myosin-9/MYH9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 54.2 kDa and the accession number is P35579.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase implicated in smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 and myosin light-chains. Involved in the inflammatory response (e.g. apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis), cell motility and morphology, airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. Required for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction that is necessary for physiological and asthmatic airway resistance. Necessary for gastrointestinal motility. Implicated in the regulation of endothelial as well as vascular permeability, probably via the regulation of cytoskeletal rearrangements. In the nervous system it has been shown to control the growth initiation of astrocytic processes in culture and to participate in transmitter release at synapses formed between cultured sympathetic ganglion cells. Critical participant in signaling sequences that result in fibroblast apoptosis. Plays a role in the regulation of epithelial cell survival. Required for epithelial wound healing, especially during actomyosin ring contraction during purse-string wound closure. Mediates RhoA-dependent membrane blebbing. Triggers TRPC5 channel activity in a calcium-dependent signaling, by inducing its subcellular localization at the plasma membrane. Promotes cell migration (including tumor cells) and tumor metastasis. PTK2B/PYK2 activation by phosphorylation mediates ITGB2 activation and is thus essential to trigger neutrophil transmigration during acute lung injury (ALI). May regulate optic nerve head astrocyte migration. Probably involved in mitotic cytoskeletal regulation. Regulates tight junction probably by modulating ZO-1 exchange in the perijunctional actomyosin ring. Mediates burn-induced microvascular barrier injury; triggers endothelial contraction in the development of microvascular hyperpermeability by phosphorylating MLC. Essential for intestinal barrier dysfunction. Mediates Giardia spp.-mediated reduced epithelial barrier function during giardiasis intestinal infection via reorganization of cytoskeletal F-actin and tight junctional ZO-1. Necessary for hypotonicity-induced Ca(2+) entry and subsequent activation of volume-sensitive organic osmolyte/anion channels (VSOAC) in cervical cancer cells. Responsible for high proliferative ability of breast cancer cells through anti-apoptosis.

PKM2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (E. coli, His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62.8 kDa and the accession number is P11980.

PKM2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (E. coli, His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62.8 kDa and the accession number is P52480.

Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. TNNI3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.1 kDa and the accession number is P48787.

Mast Cell Protease 1 (MMCP-1), also known as MCP-1, MCPT-1 and β-chymase, is a member of the Chymase family of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. MCPT-1 is a 26 kDa β-chymase that is a component of mast cell granules. It is a 226 amino acid (aa) protein that has a conserved pattern of six cysteines and one potential glycosylation site. The granule-derived mouse mast cell proteases-1 and -2 (mMCP-1 and -2) colocalize in similar quantities in mucosal mast cells but micrograms of mMCP-1 compared with nanograms of mMCP-2 are detected in peripheral blood during intestinal nematode infection. mMCP-1 isolated from serum is complexed with serpins and both the accumulation and the longevity of mMCP-1 in the blood is due to complex formation, protecting it from a pathway that rapidly clears mMCP-2, which is unable to form complexes with serpins. The mucosal mast cell (MMC) granule-specific beta-chymase, mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), is released systemically into the bloodstream early in nematode infection before parasite-specific IgE responses develop and TGF-beta1 induces the constitutive release of mMCP-1 by homologs of MMC in vitro. Expression of mMCP-1 is largely restricted to intraepithelial MMC and is thought to play a role in the regulation of epithelial permeability. Its activation is completed by the removal of a two residue N-terminal propeptide by a dipeptidyl peptidase (Cathepsin C). MCPT-1 is upregulated in the intestine in response to nematode infection, or systemic mucosa in response to anaphylaxis. Like human α-chymase, MCPT-1 is capable of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which plays a key role in the regulation of arterial pressure. The intestinal inflammation associated with gastrointestinal helminths is partly mediated by mMCP-1.

PKM2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 59 kDa and the accession number is P14618-1.