leukemia

Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV RT) is a monomeric replicative polymerase intrinsic to the retrovirus life cycle [1].

Eleven-Nineteen-Leukemia Protein IN-2 (compound 23), an ENL inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.7 nM, is utilized for leukemia research [1].

Eleven-Nineteen-Leukemia Protein IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of the ENL YEATS domain with an IC50 of 14.5 nM, binding to the ENL protein and increasing its thermal stability in vitro [1].

Eleven-Nineteen-Leukemia Protein IN-3, an orally active ENL YEATS domain inhibitor, exhibits potent activity with an IC50 of 15.4 nM. It downregulates MYC expression via ENL in cells and enhances ENL protein's thermal stability in vitro [1].

VTP50469 is a highly selective and orally active inhibitor of Menin-MLL interaction( Ki: 104 pM) and has potently anti-leukemia activity.

SNDX-5613 is a potent and specific inhibitor of Menin-MLL(Ki of 0.149 nM and a cell based IC50 of 10-20 nM). SNDX-5613 can be used for the research of MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) acute leukemias.

Gilteritinib (ASP2215) is a potent inhibitor of FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and AXL tyrosine kinase receptors (IC50 = 0.29 nM and <1 nM, respectively). In preclinical studies, gilteritinib demonstrated strong antileukemic and antitumor effects. Gilteritinib is currently in several Phase 3 clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia.

(-)-Cedrene (Alpha-Cedrene) is a sesquiterpene from cedar oil that has anti-leukemia, antibacterial and anti-obesity properties.

6-Mercaptopurine hydrate (6-Mercaptopurine monohydrate) is a Nucleoside Metabolic Inhibitor. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.

Inosine pranobex (Delimmun) has a number of immunomodulatory effects, including inducing T-lymphocyte differentiation, augmenting macrophage and NK cell functions, and stimulating IL-2 production. Through these effects and others, isoprinosine shows antiviral activity and has applications against subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. It also restores depressed immune responses in Y patients after irradiation and reduces the incidence of infection in leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. It is most commonly used to treat the rare measles complication subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in conjunction with intrathecal interferon therapy.

Methyl (E)-4-hydroxycinnamatee is found in several plants such as onion or Morinda citrifolia. It induces apoptosis in combination with Carnosic Acid and kills acute myeloid leukemia cells. It has antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Imatinib Mesylate (STI-571) is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor with antineoplastic activity (IC50s: 0.6 μM, 0.1 μM and 0.1 μM for v-Abl, c-Kit and PDGFR, respectively).

Etoposide (VP-16-213) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA (IC50=60.3 μM). Etoposide has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) is an irreversible inhibitor of BTK (IC50: 0.5 nM) that selectively blocks B cell activation.

Amsacrine hydrochloride (acridinyl anisidide hydrochloride) is topoisomerase II inhibitor , is used in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia.

Methotrexate (WR19039) is a folate analog, an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase DHFR. Methotrexate has antimetabolic, antitumor, and immunosuppressive activities, and is commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis and various tumors.

Piribedil (Trivastan) is a dopamine D2 agonist, used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Dasatinib monohydrate (BMS-354825 Monohydrate) is an orally bioavailable synthetic small molecule-inhibitor of SRC-family protein-tyrosine kinases. Dasatinib monohydrate binds to and inhibits the growth-promoting activities of these kinases. Apparently, because of its less stringent binding affinity for the BCR-ABL kinase, Dasatinib monohydrate has been shown to overcome the resistance to imatinib of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells harboring BCR-ABL kinase domain point mutations.

Sclareol, a labdane-type diterpene isolated from clary sage (Salvia sclarea), exerts growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against a variety of human Y cell lines.

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.

Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2 (Calciferol)) is a derivative of ergosterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond with a strong inhibitory effect against bladder tumor promotion by sodium saccharin, and it induces cell differentiation in leukemia cells. Vitamin D2 is an inhibitor of DNA Polymerase.

Daunorubicin hydrochloride (Rubidomycin hydrochloride), an anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic, inhibits DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.

6-Thioguanine (2-Amino-6-purinethiol) is an antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.

Quinacrine dihydrochloride (Mepacrine dihydrochloride) is the dihydrochloride salt of the 9-aminoacridine derivative quinacrine with potential antineoplastic and antiparasitic activities.

Pheniramine maleate (Trimetose), an alkylamine derivative with antihistaminic and vasodilatory properties, binds to histamine H1 receptors, thereby inhibiting phospholipase A2 and production of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide.

1. trans-Cinnamaldehyde (Phenylacrolein) exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory activities and antidepressant-like effects in stressed mid-aged rats as a COX-2 inhibitor. 2. Cinnamic aldehyde induces apoptosis of CML cells in vitro, down-regulation of the expression and function of BCR-ABL may be one of its most important anti-leukemia mechanisms. 3. Cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamic acid are cardioprotective in a rat model of ischemic myocardial injury, the mechanism is related to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Ponatinib (AP24534) is an orally available, multitargeted kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.37 nM (Abl), 1.1 nM (PDGFRα), 1.5 nM (VEGFR2), 2.2 nM (FGFR1), and 5.4 nM (Src).

Nilotinib (AMN107) is a Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor with oral activity. Nilotinib has antitumor activity and may be used for the treatment of Imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is an orally active, ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets Src and Bcr-Abl (Ki=16 30 pM), with antitumor activity, used in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma.

CB-103 is a orally active inhibitor of notch signaling pathway, with anti-tumor activity.

Imatinib (STI571) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits the kinase activities of BCR ABL, v-Abl, PDGFR, and c-kit with oral activity. Imatinib has antitumor activity for the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia.

Phloretin (NSC-407292) is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone, a type of natural phenols. It can be found in apple tree leaves and the Manchurian apricot. It promotes potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. It has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells.

DHODH-IN-17 is a human DHODH inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.40 μM. DHODH-IN-17 is a 2- anilino nicotinic acid that can be used in the study of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Cladribine (2CdA), an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, is utilized in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases.

Triciribine phosphate (VD 002) is a highly selective AKT inhibitor that induces cell cycle arrest and cysteinyl asparagin-dependent apoptosis, inhibits neovascularization, and can be used in the study of leukemia.

mTOR inhibitor 9b is an enzyme inhibitor of protein kinase mTOR he phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3CA with IC50s of 0.76 nm and 1.262 µM, respectively.mTOR inhibitor 9b possesses anticancer activity and can be used to study leukemia, skin, breast, lung and colon cancers.

AN-019 (NRC-019) is a Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor with antitumor activity for the study of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and breast cancer.

AGI-14100 is a novel and orally available mIDH1 inhibitor.AGI-14100 is used for the treatment of primary human myeloid leukemia.

10-Formylfolic acid is a novel and potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, which can be used in leukemia research.

Illudin M is a cytotoxic sesquiterpene from the fungus O. illudens that alkylates DNA. It has a cytotoxicity of 6-100 nM against HL-60 human leukemia cells.Illudin M has anticancer activity and is a pre-drug for the synthesis of anticancer compounds.

Lsd1-in-20 is a potent dual inhibitor of LSD1/G9a with Ki values of 0.44 and 0.68 μM, respectively. LSD1-IN-20 showed antiproliferative activity against THP-1 leukemia cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro, with IC50 of 0.51 and 1.60 μM, respectively, at 72 h.

JI6 (JAK3 Inhibitor VI) is a potent, selective and orally active FLT3 inhibitor. JI6 exhibits IC50s of ∼40, 8, and 4 nM for FLT3-WT, FLT3-D835Y, and FLT3-D835H, respectively. JI6 also inhibits c-Kit and JAK3, with IC50s of ∼500 and ∼250 nM, respectively. JI6 has research value in acute myeloid leukemia.

Gemtuzumab(CMA-676) is a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD33 antigen and consists of a recombinant humanized IgG4 antibody.Gemtuzumab can be used to synthesize Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, an antibody coupled compound (ADC) Gemtuzumab is used in the study of acute myeloid leukemia.

Laniquidar TFA (R101933) is a novel orally available non-competitive P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.51 μM.Laniquidar has limited bioavailability and can be used to modulate the multidrug resistance transporter.Laniquidar can be used for the study of AML and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Laniquidar is used to study acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

YM 534 has antitumor activity and platelet aggregation activity, inhibits photoaffinity labeling of deglycosylated P-glycoprotein, and can be used to study leukemia.

F-14512 (free base) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor for the study of acute myeloid leukemia.

Flurocitabine HCl is a fluorinated anhydride analog of cytarabine, which is partially hydrolyzed in vivo to two active antitumor substances (arabinosyl-fluorouracil (ara-FC) and arabinosyl-fluorouracil (ara-FU)).Flurocitabine HCl has demonstrated antitumor activity in phase I studies in acute leukemia and solid tumors.

MUN36378 is a FTO inhibitor for treatment of leukemia.

QL-X-138 HCl is a novel selective and highly potent BTK/MNK dual-kinase inhibitor with anticancer activity that binds covalently to BTK and noncovalently to MNK. QL-X-138 HCl inhibited BTK, MNK1, and MNK2 kinases. QL-X-138 HCl has anti-dengue virus 2 activity and shows anti-proliferative activity in acute myeloid leukemia cells. QL-X-138 HCl can be used to study lymphoma and leukemia.

Acriflavine Hydrochloride (Acriflavine HCl) is a HIF-1α inhibitor. It acts by targeting HIF-1α-mediated pathways and decreasing the level of PGK1, VEGF, and HIF-1α in vitro and in vivo.