Antibiotic

Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.

Nigericin sodium salt is an antibiotic, an NLRP3 activator, and a cationic ion carrier. Nigericin sodium triggers the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which inhibits Golgi function and suppresses the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.

G-418 disulfate (Geneticin sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that selectively inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by blocking peptide chain elongation.

Bleomycin Sulfate (Blenoxane) is a glycopeptide antibiotic, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Bleomycin Sulfate causes DNA strand breaks but not RNA strand breaks. Bleomycin Sulfate has antitumor activity.

Rapamycin (AY 22989) is a natural product of macrolides, an mTOR inhibitor with specificity (HEK293 cells: IC50=0.1 nM). Rapamycin has immunosuppressive activity and induces autophagy.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) belongs to the anthracycline class of antibiotics and is an inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I II (IC50=0.8 2.67 μM). Doxorubicin hydrochloride exhibits cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target protein acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Linvencorvir is a hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein variant modifier used to treat chronic HBV infection.

Puromycin dihydrochloride (CL13900 dihydrochloride) is a cinnamamide adenosine antibiotic and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Puromycin dihydrochloride inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA and has antitumor and antitrypanosomal activity.

6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-nor-Leucine (L-6-Diazo-5-oxonorleucine) is a glutaminase antagonist (Ki: 6 μM) and an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified Streptomyces species from Peruvian soil.

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

Methicillin sodium salt is the sodium salt form of methicillin, a semisynthetic beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic with beta-lactamase resistant activity.

Streptozocin (NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that induces DNA methylation. Streptozocin is toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic islet B-cells and is commonly used in the construction of animal models of type 1 diabetes. The product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be dispensed now.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Sinefungin (Adenosyl-Ornithine) is an effective inhibitor of virion mRNA(guanine-7-)-methyltransferase, mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase, and viral multiplication. Sinefungin is a SET7 9 inhibitor and ameliorates renal fibrosis by inhibiting H3K4 methylation.

Duocarmycin TM is a DNA alkylator. Duocarmycin TM is an exceptionally potent antitumor antibiotic.

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Blasticidin S HCl is a peptide-based nucleoside antibiotic (antibiotic) isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes that inhibits prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis by interfering with the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome.

Doxycycline (Doxiciclina) belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics and is a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with oral activity. Doxycycline has antibacterial activity and antitumor activity.

NITD-916 is an orally active and highly lipophilic inhibitor of Mycobacterium enoyl reductase InhA with an IC50 of 570 nM.NITD-916 is a potent 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone derivative that forms a ternary complex with InhA and NADH, preventing access to the fatty acyl substrate-binding pocket.NITD-916 exhibits antituberculosis activity.

Hygromycin B (Hygrovetine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with translocation and causing mistranslation of the 70S ribosome. Hygromycin B can be used to screen prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells transfected with hph or hyg resistance genes.

L-Lactic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid) is a natural product produced by the anaerobic glycolysis of pyruvic acid. L-Lactic acid is a sensitive indicator of tissue hypoxia and can be used as a hemodynamic indicator in critically ill patients.

Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.

DuP 105 is an oral oxazolidinone, a novel synthetic antimicrobial compound effective against gram-positive bacteria.

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product that reversibly inhibits translation elongation, is an antimitotic compound, and is an inhibitor of DNA and protein synthesis.

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exerts its antimicrobial activity by altering the permeability of cell membranes and selectively inhibiting ribonucleic acid synthesis. Vancomycin can be used for the treatment of serious infections for which all antibiotics have failed.

Ampicillin (Aminobenzylpenicillin) is a semi-synthetic penicillin belonging to the β-lactam group of antibiotics. Ampicillin has bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Cyclosporin A is a naturally occurring cyclic polypeptide that is the active metabolite of a fungus. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressant that binds to procyclins and inhibits calcineurin (IC50=7 nM).

Lanopepden (GSK 1322322) is a potent peptide deformylase inhibitor effective against Staphylococcus aureus strains ATCC 29213 and ATCC 25923, and is applicable in the study of pneumonia, dermatological, and infectious diseases.

Thiolutin (Acetopyrrothin) is an inhibitor of endothelial cell adhesion and produced by Streptomyces. Thiolutin shows antibiotic and anti-angiogenic properties. Thiolutin induces the phosphorylation of Hsp27 rapidly.

Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that induces autophagy and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.

Doxycycline hyclate (WC2031) belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics and is a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with oral activity. Doxycycline hyclate has antibacterial activity and antitumor activity.

Cerulenin is a natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS). It is produced by the fungus Cephalosporium caeruleus.

Moiramide B is a potent acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor (IC50:6 nM) with antimicrobial activity, strongly inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria but weakly inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria.

Azithromycin (CP 62993) is an antibiotic by inhibiting protein synthesis, used for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Oligomycin A (MCH 32) is an inhibitor of ATP synthase, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and all the ATP-dependent processes occurring on the coupling membrane of mitochondria.

Lasalocid sodium (Lasalocid-A sodium) is a cationic ionophore antibiotic derived from Streptomyces lasaliensis that disrupts calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is primarily used as a coccidiostat, particularly in poultry.

Avibactam sodium (NXL-104) is a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits TEM-1, P99, and KPC-2 β-lactamases (IC50=8 80 38 nM) covalently and reversibly. Avibactam sodium has antimicrobial activity and can be used to treat urinary tract infections.

Gentamicin sulfate (SCH9724) is a wide-spectrum, aminoglycoside antibiotic used to inhibit protein synthesis in sensitive organisms.

Tacrolimus (Fujimycin) can bind FKBP12 to form a high-affinity complex (Ki: 0.2 nM) which inhibits the activity of the calcium calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase.

Chaetocin, a natural product from Chaetomium species, is a histone methyltransferase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 μM, 2.5 μM and 3 μM for dSU(VAR)3-9, mouse G9a and Neurospora crassa DIM5, respectively.

Cefuzonam is a novel cephalosporin with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity that can be used in studies of respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, and hepatobiliary infections.

Ceftaroline fosamil (TAK-599) is a cephalosporin, with activity against Gram-positive pathogens.

Leptomycin B (LMB) is a potent inhibitor of the nuclear export of proteins and is a potent antifungal antibiotic blocking the eukaryotic cell cycle. Leptomycin B inactivates CRM1 exportin 1 by covalent modification at a cysteine residue.

Micafungin sodium (FK 463) is the sodium salt form of micafungin, a semi-synthetic echinocandin derived from a natural product of the fungus Coleophoma empetri with antifungal activity.

Ertapenem sodium (MK-826) is a new long-acting 1-β-methyl carbapenem antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum including common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and organisms with extended-spectrum β-lactamases.

Cecropin A is a naturally occurring, linear, cationic, 37-residue antimicrobial peptide.

TBAJ-587 is a potent anti-tuberculosis agent. TBAJ-587 inhibits M.tb strain H37Rv growth with MIC90s of 0.006 and <0.02 µg mL in MABA and LORA assay, respectively. BAJ-587 has more potent activity against M. tuberculosis and better efficacy in animal mode

Etoposide (VP-16-213) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA (IC50=60.3 μM). Etoposide has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis and autophagy.