membrane

Membrane-Permeable Sequence (MPS) is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) utilized in the investigation of membrane crossing mechanisms [1].

GPllb is composed of a 125 Kd heavy chain that is disulfide-linked to a 23 Kd light chain. Hydropathicity analysis of the cDNA sequence indicates that GPllb is anchored to the platelet through a single transmembrane domain located within 20 amino acids of

BING, a antimicrobial peptide discovered in Japanese medaka fish (O. laptipes), originates from vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13D-like (Vps13D). It exhibits efficacy against a range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, notably including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; MICs = 4-64 µg/ml). Furthermore, BING enhances the effectiveness of antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, and novobiocin against P. aeruginosa, and it prevents resistance development to kanamycin and ampicillin in E. coli. Notably, its administration in vivo significantly improves survival rates in O. laptipes challenged with E. tarda.

Leupeptin hemisulfate is a protease inhibitor with cell membrane-permeable, reversible, competitive, and oral activities. Leupeptin hemisulfate inhibits the activity of Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and Cathepsin L, and blocks fusion of amphipathic lysosomes. Leupeptin hemisulfate also has anti-inflammatory activity.

Polymyxin B nonapeptide acetate is a cationic cyclic peptide. Polyxin B nonapeptide is a derivative produced by enzymatic cleavage of polyxin B. Compared with polyxin B, polyxin B nonapeptide has low toxicity, lacks bactericidal activity and still has the

Schistoflrfamide acetate is isolated from the grasshopper, Schistocerca gregaria. Schistoflrfamide acetate elicited an immediate effect on the basal membrane potential of the opalescent tubule gland cells in insects.

Dynamin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated acetate is a DynaMin inhibitor to interfere with the binding of amphiphysin with dynamin. DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated TFA is a membrane-permeant form of the peptide that prevents endocytosis.

Caloxin 2A1 acetate is an inhibitor of extracellular plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) peptide. Caloxin 2A1 acetate inhibits Ca2+-dependent formation of the 140-kDa acid-stable acylphosphate.

Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide acetate is the substrate of Cathepsin C and can be used for research on the function of cathepsin C, intralysosomal hydrolysis and lysosomal membrane permeability.

Glu-urea-Lys is a molecular scaffold that targets PSMA and can be used as a prostate cancer imaging agent to study prostate-specific membrane antigens.

α2β1 Integrin Ligand Peptide acetate (α2β1 Integrin Ligand Peptide acetate (134580-64-6)) is a potential antagonist of α2β1 integrin receptor. α2β1 Integrin Ligand Peptide interacts with the α2β1 integrin receptor on the cell membrane and mediates extracellular signals into cells.

LAH4 acetate is the α-helical structure of the designed amphoteric peptide antibiotic, which is capable of complexing DNA, associating with the cell surface membrane and wrapped in the endosome, which is destroyed with the decrease of pH value. It has strong antibacterial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 acetate has high plasmid DNA transmission capacity. LAH4 acetate has a strong affinity for anions in bacterial membranes.

(D-Trp12,Tyr34)-pTH (7-34) amide (bovine) acetate is a highly potent antagonist of parathyroid hormone (PTH) The Ki value is 69 nM in bovine renal cortical membrane.

SPR741 acetate is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B. It exhibits antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting severe gram-negative bacterial sensory by increasing the permeability of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.SPR741 acetate is often used in conjunction with antibiotics for the treatment of a number of diseases.

Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 Acetate plays a role in the stimulation of basement membrane polysaccharide (lumican) and the synthesis of collagen I.

Polymyxin B nonapeptide, a cationic cyclic peptide derived by enzymatic processing from the naturally occurring peptide polymyxin B, is able to increase the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria toward hydrophobic antibiotics probab

Lugdunin is an antibiotic peptide that disrupts membrane potential in bacteria, demonstrating activity against Gram-positive species including S. aureus, and effectively reducing skin and nasal colonization of this pathogen. Moreover, Lugdunin stimulates the production of LL-37 and CXCL8/MIP-2 in human keratinocytes and mouse skin [1].

MPS-Gαi2, a membrane-permeable sequence (MPS), facilitates research on cell adhesion [1].

KLA peptide is a cationic amphipathic mitochondrial membrane-disrupting peptide that can induce programmed cell death by targeting mitochondrial membranes, yet it lacks the ability to transverse the plasma membrane.

Tat-NR2BAA is an inactive control peptide of Tat-NR2B9c. It shares a similar sequence with Tat-NR2B9c, but possesses a double-point mutation in the COOH terminal tSXV motif. This mutation renders Tat-NR2BAA unable to bind PSD-95. Tat-NR2B9c, on the other hand, is a membrane-permeable peptide that interferes with PSD-95/NMDAR binding. This interference leads to the decoupling of NR2B- and/or NR2A-type NMDARs from PSD-95[1][2].

Maculatin 1.1 TFA, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7 μM against Staphylococcus aureus and induces bacterial mortality by perforating the organism's membrane [1].

PTD-p65-P1 Peptide, a selective inhibitor of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB, consists of a conjugation between a membrane-translocating peptide derived from antennapedia (PTD) and p65-P1. This composition effectively inhibits activation triggered by diverse inflammatory stimuli.

Syringomycin E, an antifungal cyclic lipodepsinonapeptide, inhibits the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by interacting with the plasma membrane. It induces K+ efflux, Ca2+ influx, and alterations in membrane potential, associated with channel formation [1] [2].

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (1-39), rat is a potent melanocortin 2 (MC2) receptor agonist.Peptide fragments of ACTH (1-39) were formed during in vitro incubation of the peptide with membrane preparations. ACTH (1-39) were isolated by high pressure

Bovine Myeloid Antimicrobial Peptide (BMAP) 28, a synthetic peptide derived from bovine cathelicidin-5 (amino acids 132-158), exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, and the fungus C. albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2, 2, 4, 1, and 8 µM respectively. At a concentration of 200 nM, BMAP 28 permeabilizes the inner membrane of E. coli, and at 5 µM, it inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication in Vero 76 cells. Furthermore, at 30 µM, it causes hemolysis in human erythrocytes and cytotoxicity in human neutrophils. In vivo, a dose of 0.8 mg/kg enhances survival in mice infected with E. coli or MRSA, but not P. aeruginosa.

PNC-28, a peptide derived from the mdm-2-binding domain of p53 protein (residues 17–26), incorporates a membrane-crossing penetratin sequence. This compound is utilized in pancreatic cancer research [1] [2].

Pentapeptide-3, a pentapeptide fragment derived from waglerin-1 neurotoxin, is sourced from Temple Viper venom. This compound serves as a competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), blocking nerve signals at the post-synaptic membrane. Notably, Pentapeptide-3 exhibits anti-aging properties and is commonly incorporated with other cosmetic peptides for enhanced effects [1] [2].

Cys-Asp-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-NH2 is a linear peptide derived from the laminin B1 chain, which disrupts tumor cell adherence and invasion into the basement membrane and exhibits anti-angiogenic properties [1].

Latartoxin-1a (LtTx-1a), a paralytic and lethal peptide toxin for insects with membrane-bound activity [1], can be isolated from L. tarabaevi.

LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, demonstrates potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection, and cell penetration capabilities, alongside high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. It also exhibits a strong affinity for anionic lipids present in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes [1] [2] [3].

H-Arg-OtBu (dihydrochloride) is a membrane-targeting antimicrobial that engages the negatively charged bacterial membrane through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, with applications in bacterial infection disease research [1].

Pezadeftide, a potent antifungal peptide, readily penetrates fungal cells, eliciting an immediate mitochondrial response that leads to hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane [1].

TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide, a peptide-based delivery agent, synergizes the pH-sensitive HA2 fusion peptide from Influenza with the cell-penetrating peptide TAT from HIV. This compound facilitates the cellular uptake of macromolecules through the TAT component and triggers their release into cells by exploiting the acidifying endosomal lumen to induce membrane leakage via the HA2 component [1].

Human LL-37 is a 37 amino acid cationic (6+) peptide and has been widely studied. LL-37 penetrates the bacterial membrane and forms pores in the membrane.

Elamipretide Triacetate (Elamipretide TriTFA) is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that readily penetrates cell membranes and transiently localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane where it associates with cardiolipin.It has been used in trials studying the treatment of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

The Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala (DGEA) amino acid domain of type I collagen interacts with the α2β1 integrin receptor on the cell membrane and mediates extracellular signals into cells. It is a potential antagonist of collagen receptors.

β-Amyloid(28-35) human is a neurotoxic β-amyloid peptide fragment that contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by interacting with neuronal membranes, modulating its secondary structure and toxicity. It also exhibits anisotropic effects on the acidic phospholipid DPH, thereby increasing the internal fluidity within lipid membrane bilayers [1].

Caloxin 2A1 TFA is a peptide inhibitor specifically targeting the extracellular plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), without influencing the basal activities of Mg2+-ATPase or Na+-K+-ATPase[1].

HR1, a mastoid protease, enhances the permeability of human erythrocyte membranes and can induce cytoplasmic membrane permeation in bacteria and mast cells [1].

GluR23Y, a biologically active peptide, was utilized in an ELISA-based cell-surface assay to assess insulin-stimulated endocytosis of native AMPA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. GluR23Y effectively inhibited the insulin-induced decrease in receptor presence. The inhibition of insulin effects was achieved by introducing GluR23Y into neurons through fusion with the membrane transduction domain of HIV-1 TAT.

Tyrosinase (369-377,YMDGTMSQV) is derived from the membrane protein tyrosinase by posttranslational conversion of the sequence YMNGTMSQV. Presentation of YMDGTMSQV in cells expressing full-length tyrosinase is TAP-(transporter associated with antigen proc

Fibronectin is a high-molecular weight (~440kDa) extracellular matrix glycoprotein that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins.In addition to integrins, fibronectin also binds extracellular matrix components such as collagen, fibrin

Kaliotoxin is an inhibitor of neuronal BK-type peptide groups and specifically inhibits Kv channels and calcium-activated potassium channels. Kaliotoxin has research significance on the regulation of cell membrane potential and neuronal excitability. The product number is T37808 and the CAS number is 145199-73-1

Ptd-p65-p1 Peptide TFA is a nuclear transcription factor nf-kappab inhibitor, consisting of a membrane transport Peptide sequence derived from antennapedia linked to p65-p1, selectively inhibiting nf-kappab activity induced by various stimuli.

PNC-28 acetate, a peptide derived from the mdm-2-binding domain (residues 17–26) of the p53 protein featuring a penetratin sequence for membrane crossing, is utilized in pancreatic cancer research [1] [2].

C34 peptide, also referred to as HR2, is a biologically active peptide integral to the helical region of HIV's gp41 and is specifically the C-terminal heptad repeat 2 (HR2), denoted as the C helix or C peptide. It functions as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 fusion, thereby impeding the virus's entry into cells via membrane fusion.

PUMA BH3, a peptide that includes the BH3 domain from the p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and activates the pro-apoptotic protein Bak, demonstrates binding affinity to Bak with dissociation constants (Kds) of 290 nM in HEPES buffer and 26 nM in CHAPS buffer. This interaction with Bak induces its homo-oligomerization and facilitates Bak-mediated membrane permeabilization.

Pap12-6, an antibacterial peptide originating from the first twelve N-terminal amino acids of papiliocin found in P. xuthus larvae, exhibits activity against a range of eight Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. syphimurium with MIC50s=4-8 µM) and Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus 3126, B. subtilis, and S. epidermidis with MIC50s=4-8 µM), without compromising the viability of human erythrocytes, mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages, human HaCaT keratinocytes, or human HEK293 kidney cells at 25 µM. It causes membrane depolarization in E. coli at 4 and 8 µM and, upon preincubation at 10 µM, decreases nitrite (NO2-), Tnf-α, and Il-6 secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In a murine model, Pap12-6 enhances survival rates and diminishes colony forming units (CFUs) in several organs upon E. coli infection at 10 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg doses, respectively. Additionally, at a 1 mg/kg dose, it lowers serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, as well as blood urea nitrogen levels in E. coli-induced sepsis, indicating its therapeutic potential for bacterial infections without affecting host cell viability.

TAT-NSF700 Fusion Peptide acetate is a membrane-permeable inhibitor of N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), a fusion peptide with potential anti-inflammatory activity.TAT-NSF700 Fusion Peptide acetate interacts with intracellular organelles and can be used to investigate Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Using specific antisera raised against synthetic peptides, we find that three distinct GTP-binding protein alpha subunits remain bound to the plasma membrane even after activation with nonhydrolyzable GTP analog. Trypsin cleaves each alpha subunit at a si