17(r) hete

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 17-HETE is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid that has stereospecific effects on sodium transport in the kidney. 17(R)-HETE is an inactive isomer of 17-HETE, whereas the (S) enantiomer can inhibit proximal tubule ATPase activity at a concentration of 2 μM.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. (±)17-HETE is the racemic version of a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid that has stereospecific effects on sodium transport in the kidney. At a concentration of 2 μM the (S)-enantiomer of 17-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 70%, whereas the (R)-isomer is inactive.

Resolvins are a family of potent lipid mediators derived from both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.[1] In addition to being anti-inflammatory, resolvins promote the resolution of the inflammatory response back to a non-inflamed state.[2] Resolvin D1 is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of DHA by 15- and 5-lipoxygenase.[1] 17(R)-RvD1 is an aspirin-triggered epimer of RvD1 that reduces human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transendothelial migration, the earliest event in acute inflammation, with equipotency to RvD1 (EC50 = ~30 nM).[3] 17(R)-RvD1 exhibits a dose-dependent reduction in leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of peritonitis with maximal inhibition of ~35% at a 100 ng dose.[3] In contrast to RvD1, the aspirin-triggered form resists rapid inactivation by eicosanoid oxidoreductases. Analytical and biological comparisons of synthetic 17(R)-RvD1 with endogenously derived 17(R)-RvD1 have confirmed its identity as matching the natural product.[4]

Resolvins are a group of polyhydroxylated metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in the inflammatory exudates of aspirin-treated experimental animals. 17(R)-HDHA is the primary oxygenation product of DHA when exposed to aspirin-inhibited cyclooxygenase-2. 17(R)-HDHA serves as a precursor to resolvins and has intrinsic biological activity, such as the inhibition of TNFα-induced IL-1β expression in human glioma cells.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 16-HETE is a minor CYP450 metabolite of arachidonic acid released by the kidney upon angiotensin II stimulation that demonstrates stereospecific biological activity. Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 16-HETE is a minor CYP450 metabolite of arachidonic acid released by the kidney upon angiotensin II stimulation that demonstrates stereospecific biological activity. 16(S)-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 60% at a concentration of 2 µM.[1]

11(R)-HETE is biosynthesized by 11(R)-LOs of the sea urchin, S. purpuratus, and the fresh water hydra, H. vulgaris. The biological activity of 11(R)-HETE relates to oocyte maturation and tentacle regeneration, respectively, in these two species. 11(R)-HETE is also produced when aspirin-treated recombinant COX-2 is incubated with arachidonic acid. Stereochemical assignment of the (R) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

8(R)-HETE is biosynthesized by lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid in marine invertebrates such as gorgonian corals and starfish. Stereochemical assignment of the (R) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

Metabolism of 12(R)-HETE in corneal tissue produces predominantly the compound resulting from the loss of four carbon atoms through β-oxidation from C-1. This metabolite is 8(R)-hydroxy hexadecatrienoic acid (8(R)-HHxTrE) or 2,3,4,5-tetranor 12(R)-HETE.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites.17-HETE is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid that has stereospecific effects on sodium transport in the kidney.17(S)-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 70% at a concentration of 2 μM.

(R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-7,10,13-trimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic acid is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T64669.

17(R)-Resolvin D1 (17(R)-RvD1) is an aspirin-triggered epimer of RvD1 that equivalently inhibits human polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration across the endothelium (EC50= ~30 nM), a precursor to acute inflammation. Unlike RvD1, it resists rapid degradation by eicosanoid oxidoreductases. In a mouse peritonitis model, 17(R)-RvD1 dose-dependently reduces leukocyte infiltration, achieving up to a 35% decrease with a 100 ng dose. Additionally, its methyl ester derivative, designed to enhance its pharmacokinetic and distribution properties as a more lipophilic prodrug, can be converted back into the active acid form by intracellular esterases.

17(R)-Resolvin D4 (17(R)-RvD4) is an epimer of RvD4, generated through the aspirin-induced modification process.

5(R)-HETE is a rare lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid. Nearly all plant and animal 5-LOs produce 5(S)-HETE, but the presence of a 5(R)-LO and the synthesis of 5(R)-HpETE and 5(R)-HETE have been confirmed in oocytes of the bivalve mollusk, S. solidissima. 5(R)-HETE is more potent than the (S)-enantiomer as a chemotactic agent for human neutrophils.

(R)-Methyl 4-((3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-7-oxohexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66136 and the CAS number is 10538-65-5.

(R)-Benzyl 4-((3R,5R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R,E)-6-ethylidene-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-7-oxohexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66990 and the CAS number is 1352328-66-5.

(R)-IL-17 modulator 4 is the R-configured form of IL-17 modulator 4 and is a prodrug of IL-17 modulator 1. IL-IL-17 modulator 1 is a potent, orally active IL-17 modulator.

(R)-Methyl 4-((3R,5R,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3,6-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66748 and the CAS number is 2868-48-6.

9(R)-HETE is an enantiomer which makes up 50% of (±)9-HETE . At a concentration of 300 nM, 9(R)-HETE activates RXRγ-dependent transcription 1.5 fold relative to a control. Stereochemical assignment of the (R) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl (Z)-octadec-9-en-1-yl carbonate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65075 and the CAS number is 17110-51-9.

Biosynthesis of 12(R)-HETE in invertebrates is via lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid . In mammals, 12(R)-HETE can be produced by 12(R)-LOs and also by CYP450 oxidation. The activity of 12(R)-HETE in mammals is predominantly proinflammatory. 12(R)-HETE exhibits dose-dependent leukocyte chemotaxis at concentrations as low as 100 nM, and lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits.

19(R)-HETE is a renal artery vasodilator that can be used to study angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

15(R)-HETE, a monohydroxy fatty acid, is synthesized from arachidonic acid via aspirin-acetylated COX-2, leading to the formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators 15(R)-lipoxin A4 and B4 through a transcellular mechanism involving 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Additionally, this compound is produced by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C9 and can be generated from arachidonic acid by COX-1 in human mast cells, where it accumulates due to its resistance to conversion into 15-KETE by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). As an agonist of PPARβ/δ, 15(R)-HETE induces the expression of a target gene in NIH3T3 cells, demonstrating its biological significance.

17(R)-Resolvin D3 (17(R)-RvD3) is an aspirin-triggered epimer of resolvin D3, produced from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) through the action of COX-2 in the presence of aspirin, via a 17(R)-hydroperoxy DHA (17(R)-HDHA) intermediary. Identified in mouse inflammatory exudates, 17(R)-RvD3 notably inhibits the transmigration of isolated human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and fosters the efferocytosis of apoptotic PMNs by macrophages. Furthermore, in a mouse model of zymosan-induced peritonitis, 17(R)-RvD3 administration (10 ng/animal) significantly curtails neutrophil infiltration into the peritoneal cavity and modulates cytokine levels by reducing IL-6 and increasing IL-10 in the inflammatory exudate. It engages GPR32, evidenced by activation in a β-arrestin reporter assay and augments phagocytosis more effectively in CHO cells overexpressing GPR32 compared to controls. Additionally, 17(R)-RvD3 enhances the clearance of etoposide-induced tumor cell debris by monocyte-derived macrophages in H460 human lung carcinoma.

(R)-4-((3R,5R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R,E)-6-Ethylidene-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-7-oxohexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic acid is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66741 and the CAS number is 1516887-33-4.

(R)-Methyl 4-((3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-7-oxohexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66656 and the CAS number is 10538-59-7.

Benzo-resolvin D1 (benzo-RvD1), a derivative of the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) RvD1, effectively reduces PDGF-BB-induced cytoskeletal alterations and PDGF-triggered migration in isolated human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) at 10 and 100 nM concentrations. Additionally, at a 10 nM concentration, benzo-RvD1 inhibits p65 nuclear translocation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and enhances phagocytosis of S. aureus and zymosan particles by RAW 264.7 cells.

17(R)-Protectin D1 is an aspirin-triggered epimer of the specialized pro-resolving mediator protectin D1 .1It decreases leukotriene B4-induced transendothelial migration of human polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 nM. 17(R)-Protectin D1 (0.01-10 ng) reduces the recruitment of neutrophils in a mouse model of TNF-α-induced peritonitis. 1.Serhan, C.N., Fredman, G., Yang, R., et al.Novel proresolving aspirin-triggered DHA pathwayChem. Biol.18(18)976-987(2011)

17-phenyl trinor Prostaglandin F2α N-ethyl amide (17-phenyl trinor PGF2α) is an F-series prostaglandin analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug, sold under the Allergan trade name 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α ethyl amide. Investigations in our lab have shown that 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α ethyl amide is converted by an amidase enzymatic activity in the human cornea to yield the corresponding free acid, with a conversion rate of about 25 μg/cornea/24 hours. The free acid, 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α, is a potent FP receptor agonist. 15(R)-17-phenyl trinor PGF2α is the 15-epi, or unnatural isomer of this active free acid metabolite. It has much diminished FP receptor-mediated activity