Antibacterial

G-418 disulfate (Geneticin sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, an inhibitor of protein synthesis with eukaryotic selectivity. G-418 disulfate blocks peptide synthesis by inhibiting peptide chain elongation.

Doxycycline (Doxiciclina) belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics and is a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with oral activity. Doxycycline has antibacterial activity and antitumor activity.

Avibactam sodium (NXL-104) is a reversible β-lactamase inhibitor (IC50: 8 80 38 nM, for TEM-1 P99 KPC-2 β-lactamases).

Durlobactam sodium salt (ETX2514 sodium salt) is an inhibitor of β-lactamase with IC50 values of 4 nM, 14 nM, and 190 nM for Class A KPC-2, Class C AmpC, and Class D OXA-24, respectively. Durlobactam sodium salt can be used in studies about drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii.

Nigericin sodium salt is an antibiotic, an NLRP3 activator, and a cationic ion carrier. Nigericin sodium triggers the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which inhibits Golgi function and suppresses the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.

Abietic Acid (Sylvic acid) is the primary component of resin acid isolated from rosin.

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

1. Hypericin (Cyclosan) has antineoplastic activity. 2. Hypericin has antibiotic and antiviral activities. 3. Hypericin has antidepressive activity through inhibiting monoamine oxidase enzyme. 4. Hypericin inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis via affecting ERK signalling in vitro and suppresses wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo.

Anisomycin (NSC-76712) is an antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.

2-Hydroxy-1-methoxyanthraquinone (Alizarin 1-methyl ether) is a natural product isolated from Morinda lucida Benth. (Rubiaceae) with antibacterial activity.

Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.

Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and an IL receptor modulator. Dexamethasone has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity and induces autophagy. Dexamethasone inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) belongs to the anthracycline class of antibiotics and is an inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I II (IC50=0.8 2.67 μM). Doxorubicin hydrochloride exhibits cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target protein acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Puromycin dihydrochloride (CL13900 dihydrochloride) is a cinnamamide adenosine antibiotic and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Puromycin dihydrochloride inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA and has antitumor and antitrypanosomal activity.

Cefonicid binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Cefonicid sodium (Monocid sodium) is the sodium salt form of cefonicid, a semisynthetic second-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

Tigemonam is a monobactam. Tigemonam has potent activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacterial pathogens.

Streptozocin (NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that induces DNA methylation. Streptozocin is toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic islet B-cells and is commonly used in the construction of animal models of type 1 diabetes. The product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be dispensed now.

Hypocrellin A is PKC inhibitor, has light-induced antitumor,antifungal and antiviral activities, it also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen.

Ceftobiprole (Ro 63-9141) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; MIC90: 2 μg mL).

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Nadifloxacin (OPC7251) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Acne Vulgaris.

Methyl (E)-4-hydroxycinnamatee is found in several plants such as onion or Morinda citrifolia. It induces apoptosis in combination with Carnosic Acid and kills acute myeloid leukemia cells. It has antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Demeclocycline hydrochloride (Declomycin) is a TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than TETRACYCLINE, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.

Mupirocin calcium hydrate is an antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, showed a high level of activity against staphylococci and streptococci and against certain gram-negative bacteria

Chloroxine (Capitrol) is a synthetic quinoline derivative with antibacterial activity. Although the mechanism of action is not fully understood, topical administration of chloroxine diminishes mitotic activity in the epidermis, thereby reducing excessive scaling associated with dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, including psoriasis and eczema.

Ectoine (L-Ectoine) is an osmoprotectant in a variety of microorganisms including halophilic and heterotrophic bacteria and non-halophilic bacteria such as the Streptomyces species, as well as E.coli.

Glycitin (Glycitein 7-O-β-glucoside), a natural isoflavone isolated from legumes, can promote the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts and suppresses bone turnover.

Sodium Houttuyfonate (Houttuynin sodium bisulfite), the active compound of the Houttuynia plant, is mainly used for treating purulent skin infections, respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia in elderly patients, and chronic bronchitis.

Thiobarbituric acid (NSC-4733) has Antibacterial Activity.

Closantel (R-31520), a salicylanilide anthelmintic compound, shows different anthelmintic spectra and obvious toxicity in mammals.

Sulfachloropyridazine (Sulfachlorpyridazine) is a sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.

Etoposide (VP-16-213) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA (IC50=60.3 μM). Etoposide has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Taurolidine is a synthetic taurine analog with antimicrobial and anti-neoplastic actions. It displays broad bactericidal and fungicidal activity.

Oridonin (NSC-250682) is a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens with anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It acts as an inhibitor of AKT, with IC50s of 8.4 and 8.9 μM for AKT1 and AKT2.

DDAC (Quaternium 12), also known as Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, is a dialkyl-quaternary ammonium compound widely utilized in various products due to its bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal characteristics.

Tubercidin (Sparsomycin A), an adenosine analogue, is a nucleoside antibiotic. It is incorporated into DNA and inhibits polymerases, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also exhibits antifungal and antiviral activities.

Hygromycin B (Hygrovetine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with translocation and causing mistranslation of the 70S ribosome. Hygromycin B can be used to screen prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells transfected with hph or hyg resistance genes.

Neomycin sulfate (Framycin sulfate) is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that blocks the synthesis of bacterial proteins in order to exert antimicrobial activity. Neomycin sulfate is commonly used to screen prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for Neo resistance genes.

Methyl indole-3-carboxylate (Methyl 3-indolecarboxylate) is a natural product isolated from Heracleum candicans.

Sulbenicillin disodium (Sulbenicillin Sodium) is a penicillin antibiotic,is a Penicillin antibiotic with antibacterial activity

Thiamine monochloride (Vitamin B1) is an essential vitamin with erythropoietic, glucose-regulatory, antioxidant, and mood-regulatory properties.Thiamine monochloride inhibits lead-induced lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing lead poisoning.Thiamine monochloride plays an important role in the production of energy by the cells that ingest the food, and enhances normal Thiamine monochloride plays an important role in the energy production of ingested food cells and enhances normal neuronal activity.

Kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (Ksg (hydrochloride hydrate))(Ksg) specifically inhibits translation initiation of canonical but not of leaderless messenger RNAs. Ksg inhibition is thought to occur by direct competition with initiator transfer RNA

Hederacoside C (Hederasaponin C) is expectorant for Cold and cough relief, Bronchitis.

Aucubin (Rhinanthin) is an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities.

Sulfamethoxazole (STX 608) is a Sulfonamide Antimicrobial. The mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole is as a Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitor. The chemical classification of sulfamethoxazole is Sulfonamides.

Phenoxyethanol (NSC-1864) is germicidal. It often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.

Tricyclazole (Tricyclazol) is a pentaketide-derived melanin biosynthesis inhibitor. Tricyclazole is a a unique fungicide for control of Pyricularia oryzae on rice.

Tetracycline (Tetracyclin) is a naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.

Colistin methanesulfonate sodium salt (Colistimethate Sodium) is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus, composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2.

Kanamycin sulfate (Kanamycin monosulfate) is an aminoglycoside bacteriocidal antibiotic.