blood

XG, Gene ID 7499, stands for Xg glycoprotein or Xg blood group. The XG blood group system includes 2 antigens: Xga and CD99 (encoded by the MIC2 gene). The XG blood group is the first blood group mapped to the human X chromosome. XG is very essential in genome mapping and whole-genome sequencing. In other words, it is an important tool used to examine the human X chromosome as a marker to map sex-linked traits and to help define mechanisms underlying sex chromosome disorders.

Aquaporin-1 AQP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

EMMPRIN CD147 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 46.8 kDa and the accession number is P35613-2.

CD44 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.4 kDa and the accession number is P16070-1.

BCAM Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 84 kDa and the accession number is Q9R069.

BCAM Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 58.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9ESS6.

ART4 CD297 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.7 kDa and the accession number is Q9CRA0.

CD44 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.1 kDa and the accession number is P16070-1.

CD55 DAF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62.48 kDa and the accession number is Q61475.

Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, which has the homology to both the immunoglobulin V domain and MHC class II antigen β-chain. EMMPRIN is a transmembrane glycoprotein with different forms, resulting from different modes of glycosylation and N-terminal sequence variants. EMMPRIN can be expressed in breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, lymphoma, lung, bladder, and melanoma carcinomas cells. EMMPRIN promotes invasion, metastasis, growth, and survival of malignants cells, serves as a receptor for extracellular cyclophilinthe, may play a role in signal transduction.

Glycophorin C GYPC Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 8.4 kDa and the accession number is P04921.

Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES), or POPDC1, is a tight junction-associated transmembrane protein that modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via junctional signaling pathways. BVES plays a protective role both in ulcerative and infectious colitis and identify BVES as a critical protector of colonic mucosal integrity. The Popeye domain containing1, also called Bves (Popdc1 Bves), is a transmembrane protein that functions in muscle regeneration, heart rate regulation, hypoxia tolerance, and ischemia preconditioning. The expression of Popdc1 Bves is elevated in cardiomyocytes maintained in serum free defined medium. Popdc1 Bves plays a role in the preservation of cardiomyocyte viability under serum deficiency through the alteration of Rac1 activity and the regulation of Bnip3 expression by FoxO3 and NFκB transcription factors pointing to Popdc1 Bves as a potential target to enhance heart protection. Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) is a tight junction-associated protein that regulates epithelial-mesenchymal states and is underexpressed in epithelial malignancy. Loss of BVES promotes inflammatory tumourigenesis through dysregulation of Wnt signalling and the oncogene c-Myc. BVES promoter methylation status may serve as a CAC biomarker. Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES Popdc1) is a junctional-associated transmembrane protein that is underexpressed in a number of malignancies and regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. BVES is a key regulator of intestinal stem cell programs and mucosal homeostasis.

Acetylcholinesterase, also known as ACHE, is an enzyme that degrades (through its hydrolytic activity) the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, producing choline and an acetate group. Acetylcholinesterase plays a crucial role in nerve impulse transmission at cholinergic synapses by rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). ACHE appears to be a potential therapeutic target at muscle injuries including organophosphate myopathy. It is an externally oriented membrane-bound enzyme and its main physiological role is termination of chemical transmission at cholinergic synapses and secretory organs by rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). ACHE plays important roles in the cholinergic system, and its dysregulation is involved in a variety of human diseases. ACHE was significantly down-regulated in the cancerous tissues of 69.2% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and the low ACHE expression in HCC was correlated with tumor aggressiveness, an elevated risk of postoperative recurrence, and a low survival rate. Both the recombinant ACHE protein and the enhanced expression of ACHE significantly inhibited HCC cell growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. ACHE as a tumor growth suppressor in regulating cell proliferation, the relevant signaling pathways, and the drug sensitivity of HCC cells. Thus, ACHE is a promising independent prognostic predictor for HCC recurrence and the survival of HCC patients. ACHE is responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the nervous system. It is inhibited by organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. However, this enzyme is only slightly inhibited by organophosphorothionates.

BCAM Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 58.3 kDa and the accession number is Q9R069.

CD55 DAF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.2 kDa and the accession number is Q61475.

CD44 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.6 kDa and the accession number is Q3U8S1.

ABO (ABO, Alpha 1-3-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase And Alpha 1-3-Galactosyltransferase) is a Protein Coding gene. Homologous glycosyltransferases α-(1→3)-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GTA) and α-(1→3)-galactosyltransferase (GTB) catalyze the final step in ABO(H) blood group A and B antigen synthesis through sugar transfer from activated donor to the H antigen acceptor. These enzymes have a GT-A fold type with characteristic mobile polypeptide loops that cover the active site upon substrate binding. The homologous glycosyltransferases α-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GTA) and α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GTB) carry out the final synthetic step of the closely related human ABO(H) blood group A and B antigens.

CD44 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 22.07 kDa and the accession number is P16070-1.

Kell blood group glycoprotein (KEL) is a single-pass type II membrane protein which belongs to the peptidase M13 family. It is expressed in Expressed at high levels in erythrocytes and testis, and, at lower levels, in skeletal muscle, tonsils, lymph node, spleen and appendix. KEL has been shown zinc endopeptidase with endothelin-3-converting enzyme activity. It cleaves EDN1, EDN2 and EDN3, with a marked preference for EDN3. It links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein that carries the Kx antigen.

EMMPRIN CD147 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 20.7 kDa and the accession number is P35613-2.

EMMPRIN CD147 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His and hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 48.6 kDa and the accession number is P18572-2.

EMMPRIN CD147 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30 kDa and the accession number is P18572-2.

CD55 DAF Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.5 kDa and the accession number is P08174-1.

BCAM Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 57.7 kDa and the accession number is P50895.

ART4 CD297 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.1 kDa and the accession number is G7PJY0.

May be part of an oligomeric complex which is likely to have a transport or channel function in the erythrocyte membrane. RHD Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST & His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.6 kDa and the accession number is Q02161.

BCAM Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 83 kDa and the accession number is P50895.

EMMPRIN CD147 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.4 kDa and the accession number is XP_005587354.1.

ERMAP Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-Fc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40-55 KDa and the accession number is Q96PL5.

ERMAP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16 KDa and the accession number is Q96PL5.

CD55 DAF Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61.7 kDa and the accession number is P08174-1.

CD55 DAF Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 64.5 kDa and the accession number is Q9Z0M0.

ART4 CD297 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.2 kDa and the accession number is EDL10575.1.

ART4 CD297 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 54.7 kDa and the accession number is G7PJY0.

Glycophorin A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.4 kDa and the accession number is P02724.

ART4 CD297 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.4 kDa and the accession number is F1MA10.

Ephrins-A3 belongs the Ephrins ligand family which involved in a variety of biological processes, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. It is shown that Ephrin-A3 is expressed in brain, skeletal muscle, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, and peripheral blood leukocytes. Ephrin-A3 has a GPI anchor following the extracellular sequence and a signal sequence of 22 amino acids. Ephrin-A3 can bind EphA2, EphA3, EphA4, EphA5, EphA6, EphA7, EphA8 and EphB1. Futhermore, it is associated with tumor growth and metastasis.

B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. It has been designated TNFRSF17. Mouse BCMA is a 185 amino acid (aa) protein consisting of a 49 aa extracellular domain, a 23 aa transmembrane domain, and a 113 aa intracellular domain. BCMA is a type III membrane protein containing one extracellular cysteine rich domain. Within the TNFRSF, it shares the highest homology with TACI. BCMA and TACI have both been shown to bind to APRIL and BAFF, members of the TNF ligand superfamily. BCMA expression has been found in immune organs and mature B cell lines. Although some expression has been observed at the cell surface, BCMA appears to be localized to the Golgi compartment. The binding of BCMA to APRIL or BAFF has been shown to stimulate IgM production in peripheral blood B cells and increase the survival of cultured B cells. This data suggests that BCMA may play an important role in B cell development,function and regulation.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13C (TNFRSF13C) also known as B-cell-activating factor receptor (BAFFR) and CD268 antigen, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. BAFF promotes the survival of B cells and is essential for B cell maturation. BAFF binds to three TNF receptor superfamily members: B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA TNFRSF17), transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI TNFRSF13B) and BAFF receptor (BAFF R BR3 TNFRSF13C). These receptors are type III transmembrane proteins that lack a signal peptide. BAFF R is highly expressed in spleen, lymph node and resting B cells. It is also expressed at lower levels in activated B cell, in resting CD4+ T cells, in thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. BAFF knockout mice lack mature B cells. Similarly, A WySnJ mice that are defective in BAFF-R intracellular signaling also lack mature B cells, suggesting that BAFF R is the critical receptor for BAFF during B lymphopoiesis. It has been proposed that abnormally high levels of BAFFR TNFRSF13C (CD268) may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by enhancing the survival of autoreactive B cells.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a growth factor and an essential cytokine which belongs to the IL-6 superfamily. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. G-CSF binding to its receptor G-CSF-R which belongs to the cytokine receptor type I family depends on the interaction of alpha-helical motifs of the former and two fibronectin type III as well as an immunoglobulin-like domain of the latter. G-CSF is a cytokine that have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function and perfusion in myocardial infarction. And it was initially evaluated as a stem cell mobilizer and erythropoietin as a cytoprotective agent.

Leptin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and plays important role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin functions via signaling pathways involving OB-R in hypothalamus. Animal models have revealed the influence of Leptin in reducing body weight and regulating blood glucose level. When mutations are introduced in obese gene, mice with impaired function of leptin are massively obese and in high risk of diabetes. Leptin deficiency reduces metablic rate. Leptin deficient mice are less active and with lower body temperature than normal animals. Human Leptin shares approximately 84% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Human Leptin consists of 167 amino acid residue including a 21 amino acid residue signal sequence and 146 amino acid residue mature protein sequence.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19L (TNFRSF19L), also known as Receptor expressed in lymphoid tissues and RELT, is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. TNFRSF19L is a single-pass type membrane protein and contains one TNFR-Cys repeat. TNFRSF19L is highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, thymus, peripheral blood leukocytes, bone marrow and fetal liver. It has been shown TNFRSF19L activates the NF-kappaB pathway and selectively binds TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1). TNFRSF19L is capable of stimulating T-cell proliferation in the presence of CD3 signaling, which suggests its regulatory role in immune response.

Vitronectin, also known as VTN, is a large glycoprotein found in blood and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Vitronectin is a plasma glycoprotein implicated as a regulator of diverse physiological process, including blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, pericellular proteolysis, complement dependent immune responses, and cell attachment and spreading. Blocking of Hic(a member of the pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) family) by specific antiserum or genetic deletion significantly reduced pneumococcal binding to soluble and immobilised vitronectin and to Factor H, respectively. In addition, Vitronectin interact with glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Is recognized by certain members of the integrin family and serves as a cell-to-substrate adhesion molecule. Inhibitor of the membrane-damaging effect of the terminal cytolytic complement pathway.

Serum Amyloid A1 Protein (SAA1) is an acute phase apolipoprotein reactant that is produced predominantly by hepatocytes and is under the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. SAA is produced mainly in the liver and circulates in low levels in the blood. SAA may play a role in the immune system and facilitate the repair of injured tissues, it also acts as an antibacterial agent, and signals the migration of germ-fighting cells to sites of infection. SAA also functions as an apolipoprotein of the HDL complex. The SAA cleavage product designated amyloid protein A is deposited systemically as amyloid in vital organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys in chronic inflammatory diseases patients. These deposits are extremely insoluble and resistant to proteolysis; they disrupt tissue structure and compromise performance.

As protease inhibitors, serpins have an array of functions including regulating blood clotting, the complement pathway, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell motility. Serpin G1 is a serine protease inhibitor protein. It is the largest member among the serpin class of proteins. Remarkably, Serpin G1 has a 2-domain structure, unlike most family members. The C-terminal serpin domain is similar to other serpins, and this part of Serpin G1 provides the inhibitory activity. The N-terminal domain is not essential for Serpin G1 to inhibit proteinases and has no similarity to other proteins. The main function of Serpin G1 is the inhibition of the complement system to prevent spontaneous activation. Serpin G1 is an acute phase protein and circulates in blood at levels of around 0.25g L, whose levels rise 2-fold during inflammation. Although named after its complement inhibitory activity, Serpin G1 also inhibits proteinases of the fibrinolytic, clotting, and kinin pathways. Most notably, Serpin G1 play a potentially crucial role in regulating important physiological pathways including complement activation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and the generation of kinins. It is also the most important physiological inhibitor of fXIIa, chymotrypsin and plasma kallikrein.

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) is a protein that secreted into extracellular space. PLAT contains five domains: EGF-like domain, fibronectin type-I domain, 2 kringle domains and peptidase S1 domain. It belongs to the peptidase S1 family. The main function of this protein is to convert plasminogen into biologically active plasmin. As a protease, PLAT plays a crucial role in regulating blood fibrinolysis, maintaining the homeostasis of extracellular matrix and in modulating the post-translational activation of growth factors. PLAT is found not only in the blood, where its primary function is as a thrombolytic enzyme, but also in the central nervous system (CNS). It participates in a number of physiological and pathological events in the CNS, as well as the role of neuroserpin as the natural regulator of PLAT's activity in these processes. Increased or decreased activity of PLAT leads to hyperfibrinolysis or hypofibrinolysis, respectively. In addition, as a cytokine, PLAT plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis through diverse mechanisms. Thus, as a fibrogenic cytokine, it promotes the progression of kidney diseases.

Human Siglec-5 are Itype(Igtype) lectins belonging to the Ig superfamily,They are characterized by an N terminal Ig-like V type domain which mediates sialic acid binding, followed by varying numbers of Ig-like C2 type domains. SIGLEC5 has also been designated CD170, they are expressed by monocytic or myeloid lineage cells, and also found at high levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, bone marrow and at lower levels in lymph node, lung, appendix, placenta, pancreas and thymus. SIGLEC5 are expressed by monocytes and neutrophils but absent from leukemic cell lines representing early stages of myelomonocytic differentiation. Siglec5 to 11 share a high degree of sequence similarity with CD33 Siglec3 both in their extracellular and intracellular regions. They are collectively referred to as CD33 related Siglecs. One remarkable feature of the CD33 related Siglecs is their differential expression pattern within the hematopoietic system This fact, together with the presence of two conserved immunoreceptor tyrosinebased inhibition motifs (ITIMs) in their cytoplasma tails, suggests that CD33 related Siglecs are involved in the regulation of cellular activation within the immune system.

Mouse coagulation factor X F10 a member of the peptidase S1 family. The mature F10 is composed mostly of two EGF-like domains, one Gla gamma-carboxy-glutamate domain and one peptidase S1 domain. Factor Xa is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protease that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, calcium and phospholipid during blood clotting. The two chains of F10 are formed from a single-chain precursor by the excision of two Arg residues. A single-chain precursor is initially synthesized in the liver. The light and heavy chains are linked together by disulfide bonds. The light chain contains a Gla and two EGF-like domains. The heavy chain corresponds to the serine protease domain. It can form a heterodimer with SERPINA5.