2-amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is a ketone and amino acid derivative with a variety of biological functions including vasodilatory, immunomodulatory, and neuromodulatory activities.2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is the precursor of niacin. 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is the precursor of nicotinic acid. Abnormal production of 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid has been linked to cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms associated with neurological disorders. 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is overexpressed in certain types of cancer cells and may be used to assess cancer risk. Expressed and may be used as a biomarker for assessing cancer risk.

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity and is catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. 2',3'-cGAMP sodium binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a natural product and a microtubule polymer stabilizer. Paclitaxel has anti-tumor activity and causes cell death by inducing mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and cell autophagy.

2-Hydroxy-1-methoxyanthraquinone (Alizarin 1-methyl ether) is a natural product isolated from Morinda lucida Benth. (Rubiaceae) with antibacterial activity.

Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.

3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits class IB PI3Kγ (IC50=60 μM) and class III VPS34 (IC50=25 μM). 3-Methyladenine inhibits autophagy.

Trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (3-Hexenedioic Acid) is a normal human unsaturated dicarboxylic acid metabolite with increased excretion in patients with Dicarboxylic aciduria caused by fatty acid metabolism disorders The urinary excretion of Trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid is increased in conditions of augmented mobilization of fatty acids or inhibited fatty acid oxidation.

Methyl (E)-4-hydroxycinnamatee is found in several plants such as onion or Morinda citrifolia. It induces apoptosis in combination with Carnosic Acid and kills acute myeloid leukemia cells. It has antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

4-Ethoxycoumarin has antimicrobial activity.

Methyl 2-furoate (Methyl furan-2-carboxylate) is a natural product that found in cocoa and cocoa products

Trans-2-Hexenal (trans-2-Hexenal) is an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound protecting plants against harmful substances.

4-Methoxycoumarine has antitumour effects.

4-Decanol, a compound isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones and Epilobium angustifolium L., may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

2-Acetylbenzoic acid is more potent than 2-propionyloxybenzoic acid in inhibiting platelet function and platelet prostaglandin (PG) synthesis although the potencies of these agents were comparable in inhibiting prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis.

2-methoxycinnamaldehyde is a natural compound of Cinnamomum cassia,has been widely studied with regard to its antitumor activity.

ATP disodium trihydrate (Adenosine-5'-triphosphate disodium trihydrate) is an important substance for energy storage and metabolism in the body. It is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation, which provides energy for the body's metabolism and also acts as a coenzyme in cells.

Dimethylamine hydrochloride (N,N-Dimethylamine) is abundantly present in human urine. Main sources of urinary dimethylamine have been reported to include trimethylamine N-oxide, a common food component, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. ADMA is excreted in the urine in part unmetabolized and in part after hydrolysis to dimethylamine by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH).

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (P-Methylolphenol) exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury, has neuroprotective effect through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibit the development of new blood vessels by targeting multiple mechanisms of the angiogenic process, may as a promising candidate for the establishment of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in cancer therapy.

8-Amino-1-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid is a naphthalene derivative used as a fluorescent dye and as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a highly fluorescent compound with a high Stokes shift, making it an ideal fluorescent marker for a wide range of biological systems.

2-Allylphenol (NSC-1538) exhibits antifungal activity.

4-tert-Octylphenol, an endocrine-disrupting chemical with estrogenic properties, notably induces apoptosis in offspring mouse brain neuronal progenitor cells. This compound decreases levels of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), mitotic marker Ki67, and phospho-histone H3 (p-Histone-H3), thereby diminishing the proliferation of neuronal progenitors. Consequently, 4-tert-Octylphenol adversely affects brain development and behavior in mice.

2-Isopropoxy-2-Phenylacetophenone is a natural compound, a derivative of benzoin. Benzoin is a naturally occurring benzaldehyde found in many plants.

(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid is a small molecule compound isolated from the rhizome of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R. M. Sm. It is a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor. (E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid has hepatoprotective activity, antiamnesic activity, enhances cognitive effects, and can be used to lower blood pressure sugar.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a naturally-occurring flavonoid found in many grapes, berries, fruits, vegetables, herbs, as well as other plants. Walnuts are a rich dietary source. It has been shown that myricetin has antioxidant properties.

C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a water-soluble protein pigment that is also used as a nutrient supplement for human beings.

Naringin (Naringoside), a flavanone glycoside, exerts various of pharmacological effects such as blood lipid lowering, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Cholic Acid (Cholate) is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

4-Methylesculetin (Methylesculetin) is one of the coumarin derivatives with great anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

2-Phenylethanol (Phenylethanol) is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant. It is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.

3-Aminopropionitrile fumarate (2:1) (β-Aminopropionitrile fumarate) is an organic compound and antirheumatic agent used in veterinary medicine.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is an orally bioavailable estradiol metabolite with potential antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits angiogenesis by reducing endothelial cell proliferation and inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. This agent also inhibits tumor cell growth by binding to tubulin, resulting in antimitotic activity, and by inducing caspase activation, resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis.

2-Isopropyl Thioxanthone has potential anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic properties.

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, a plasma metabolite, is highly sensitive and specific and can be used as a bioindicator to differentiate non-small cell carcinoma patients from healthy controls.

2-Amino-2-dichlorobenzophenone is an aromatic natural compound that has been used to study the effects of various compounds on cell metabolism, protein synthesis and enzyme activity. It has also been used in the synthesis of drugs, such as antitumor drugs and anti-inflammatory agents.

4-Methylcatechol (3,4-Dihydroxytoluene) is a metabolite of homoprotocatechuic acid. It is both a substrate and a suicide inhibitor of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. 4-Methylcatechol (3,4-Dihydroxytoluene) is known to induce the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent studies have suggested that a lack of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the limbic system may cause neuropathic pain.

2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) 2-Furoic acid can reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and has anti-lipidemic effects.

4-Vinylphenol is the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine found in Hedyotis diffusa Willd. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis in vivo.

Octahydroisoindole is a natural product and a reference standard.

Cholesterol Myristate (Cholesteryl Myristate) is a natural steroid found in traditional Chinese medicine that interacts with various ion channels, including the GABAA receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and the inward-rectifier potassium ion channel.

2-Undecanol (Methyl nonyl carbinol) is a male specific compound extracted from aeration of live Lobiopa insularis beetles. 2-undecanol is a flower emitted volatile, used by various species of Hymenoptera as a pheromone component[1].

4-Methyl-6-Methoxycoumarin is a natural product isolated from Eupatorium pauciflorum.

Maltotriose is an inducer of E. coli maltose regulator, the second most abundant sugar in brewing. It induces beta-galactosidase synthesis.

2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid (2-Hydroxycaproic acid) is a branched-chain alpha-keto acid that has been reported in normal human blood and in normal amniotic fluid. It has been found that 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is the most significant metabolite found in the CSF of patients infected with Nocardia.

2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid is an unusual metabolite found in the urine of patients with 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and maple syrup urine disease.

4-Hydroxybenzyl cyanide (4-Hydroxyphenylacetonitrile) shows strong antioxidative activity.

5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5MedCyd) is a pyrimidine nucleoside that when incorporated into single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo.

2-Ethylhexyl trans-4-methoxycinnamate is a sunscreen agent.

2-Methylhexanoic acid is a flavouring ingredient.

6-Aminocaproic acid (EACA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.

Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.