OPN expression inhibitor 1 (Compound 11) is an osteopontin (OPN) expression inhibitor that can be used to study breast cancer.

NNK (Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone) is a procarcinogen and a major tobacco-specific toxicant. It inhibits the expression of lysyl oxidase which is a tumor suppressor.

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity and is catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. 2',3'-cGAMP sodium binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

Cyclic-di-GMP disodium (5GP-5GP disodium) is a bacterial second messenger and a STING agonist involved in a variety of prokaryotic processes including biofilm formation, motility, and cell cycle progression.Cyclic-di-GMP disodium displays antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, inducing elevated CD4 receptor expression and cell cycle arrest. Cyclic-di-GMP disodium can be used in cancer research cancer.

TVB-3664 significantly decreases tubulin palmitoylation and mRNA expression. TVB-3664 is a reversible and highly bioavailable fatty acid synthase inhibitor (IC50: 18 nM and 12 nM for human and mouse cell palmitate synthesis, respectively).

PLH2058 is a compound that can be used to regulate, limit or inhibit AVIL (advillin) expression. It can be used in the treatment of cancer.

1. Sanggenon C (Sanggenone C) inhibits tumor cellular proteasomal activity and cell viability, via induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death , inhibiting the proteasome function. 2. Sanggenon C and O inhibited NO production and iNOS expression by suppressing NF-κB activity and IκBα activation; inhibited TNF-alpha -stimulated PMN-HSC adhesion and expression of VCAM-1 by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB.

GLP-1(7-36), amide (MKC 253) is a peptide hormone released from intestinal L-cells upon nutrient consumption. It binds the GLP-1 receptor in the pancreas and displays various antidiabetic effects by potentiating glucose-induced secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells, increasing insulin expression.

RV01 is a novel quinoline-substituted analogue of resveratrol that inhibits DNA damage, reduces ethanol-induced acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) mRNA expression, and has hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. rV01 reduces iNOS expression and has anti-neuroinflammatory effects. rV01 reduces tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion. RV01 reduced tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion, inhibited lps-induced ROS production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein expression, and inhibited lps-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear transcription factor-кB (NF-кB) signaling pathways.

Gemfibrozil (CI-719) interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha) resulting in PPARalpha-mediated stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) synthesis. Gemfibrozil is a fibric acid derivative with hypolipidemic effects. This enhances triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance and reduces the expression of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III). The reduction in hepatic production of apoC-III result in the subsequent reduction of serum levels of very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). In addition, gemfibrozil-mediated PPARalpha stimulation of apoA-I and apoA-II expression results in an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

Iberverin is a naturan product. It induces phase II enzyme activity and decreases expression of androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells.

Myristic acid (Crodacid) , a 14 carbon saturated fatty acid, is a rare molecule in cells and is a substrate of some fatty acid desaturases. This compound has the ability to acylate proteins by covalently binding to the N-terminal glycine residues, in a process called N-terminal myristoylation. Myristoylation of substrate proteins by this fatty acid has the potential to activate and mediate many physiological pathways. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids have been reported to be essential for biological activities of lipopolysaccharides and have demonstrated the ability to induce expression of COX-2 and NFκB (nuclear factor κB) activation.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (P-Methylolphenol) exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury, has neuroprotective effect through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibit the development of new blood vessels by targeting multiple mechanisms of the angiogenic process, may as a promising candidate for the establishment of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in cancer therapy.

1. Orientin (Luteolin-8-glucoside) may be regarded as a candidate therapeutic agent for treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases via inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway. 2. Orientin protects vascular barrier integrity by inhibiting hyperpermeability, expression of CAMs, and adhesion and migration of leukocytes, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a therapy for vascular inflammatory diseases. 3. Orientin has neuroprotection effect by the intracellular mediation of caspase activity; may alleviate cognitive deficits and oxidative stress in AD mice; can exert antidepressant-like effects on CUMS mice, specifically by improving central oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity.

1. Glaucocalyxin A (Leukamenin F)-SBE-β-CD could be useful with a better solubility and sustained function in drug delivery. 2. Glaucocalyxin A activates caspase-3, decreases BAD phosphorylation, and reduces the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. 3. Glaucocalyxin A inhibits Akt phosphorylation, suppresses proliferation, and promotes apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, but not in normal glial cells. 4. Glaucocalyxin A inhibits collagen-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, and phospholipase Cγ2, the signaling events in collagen receptor GPⅥ pathway. 5. Glaucocalyxin A could potentially be developed as an antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent, can inhibit platelet p-selectin secretion and integrin activation by convulxin, is a GPVI selective ligand.

Ginsenoside Rb2 (Ginsenoside C) found in species of Panax, upregulating GPR120 gene expression.

Hederagenin (Hederagenol) is a triterpenoid saponin inhibiting LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB.

Amentoflavone (3',8''-Biapigenin), as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, can interact with many other medications. CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 are proteins used for drug metabolism in the body. Amentoflavone also is an inhibitor of human cathepsin B. It has antimalarial activity in trials significant affinities towards the Delta-1, kappa opioid receptors (as an antagonist) and binds to benzodiazepine receptors. Amentoflavone may be a potential lead for a new type of anti-inflammatory agents having the dual inhibitory activity of group II phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase. Amentoflavone and quercetin differentially exerted suppression of PGE2 biosynthesis via downregulation of COX-2/iNOS expression.

Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (TriButyrate), a transcriptional regulator, reversibly inhibits class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs )resulting in a global increase in gene expression, decreased cellular proliferation, increased cell differentiation, and the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations.

Magnolin reduces the renal oxidative stress, suppresses caspase-3 activity, and increases Bcl-2 expression in vivo and in vitro. Magnolin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.

(-)-Epicatechin (Epicatechin) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), inhibiting the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.

1. ISOGINKGETIN (4',4'''-Dimethylamentoflavone), a compound derived from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, to up-regulate adiponectin secretion with potency comparable to that of rosiglitazone, a known modulator of adiponectin production. 2. Isoginkgetin has anti-tumor activity, the mechanistic basis is splicing inhibition , thus, pre-mRNA splicing inhibitors may represent a novel avenue for development of new anti-cancer agents.3. Isoginkgetin can inhibit tumor cell invasion by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. 4. Isoginkgetin (0.3mg/kg ip for 3d) can reduce the level of O2·- in plasma and erythroeyte and sometimes increase the activity of SOD in anoxic rats, the action being stronger than aspirin.

20-HETE promotes cell proliferation and migration in cancer and can be used to study prostate tumors and cardiac hypertrophy by activating the protein kinase C pathway to increase FBXO10 expression.20-HETE promotes cell proliferation and migration in cancer and can be used to study prostate tumors and cardiac hypertrophy by activating the protein kinase C pathway.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (Curcumin III) is a natural demethoxy derivative of curcumin. It is a potent activator of macrophage phagocytosis, interacting with 1α, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 to stimulate amyloid-β clearance by macrophages (optimal stimulation at 100 nM BDMC) [1]. More stable than curcumin in physiological media, BDMC suppresses proliferation of cancer cells [2]. It down-regulates the transcriptional coactivator p300, suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and inhibits LPS induction of iNOS expression [3].

Ulipristal acetate (CDB-2914) is an orally bioavailable, acetate salt of ulipristal, a selective progesterone receptor modulator with anti-progesterone activity. Ulipristal binds to the progesterone receptor (PR), thereby inhibiting PR-mediated gene expression, and interfering with progesterone activity in the reproductive system. As a result, this agent may suppress the growth of uterine leiomyomatosis. Furthermore, by inhibiting or delaying ovulation and effecting endometrial tissue, ulipristal can be used as an emergency contraception.

1. Farrerol has antioxidative activity.2. Farrerol modulates TAP and BNBD5 gene expression in mammary gland, enhances bMEC defense against S. aureus infection and could be useful in protection against bovine mastitis. 3. Farrerol inactivates KEAP-1 or act

Estradiol (E2) is a naturally occurring steroidal sex hormone that is essential for female fertility and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ).

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

Diflubenzuron (Larvakil) is a benzoyl-urea insecticide, found to be a potent inhibitor of melanosome synthesis in mouse melanoma cells. Diflubenzuron has also been shown to inhibit TCDD-induced CYP1A1 expression in HepG2 cells.

5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HD-003) is an antioxidant potentially for the treatment of renal failure. A creatinine metabolite, 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin , a hydroxyl radical scavenger, has previously been shown to confer renoprotection by inhibiting the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin is a novel anti-oxidant drug completely suppressed the expression of B2-kinin receptors (B2KR) in response to high glucose (25 mM) stimulation in VSMC and was also shown to attenuate the effects of BK on VSMC remodeling. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin inhibited the BK-induced increase in MAPK phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein levels in VSMC. These findings suggest that 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin may confer vascular protection against high glucose concentrations and BK-stimulation to ameliorate vascular injury and remodeling through its anti-oxidant properties.

Neuromedin N acetate(92169-45-4 free base) is a neuropeptide derived from the same precursor polypeptide as neurotensin, and with similar but subtly distinct expression and effects.Neuromedin N is a potent modulator of dopamine D2 receptor agonist binding in rat neostriatal membranes.

AST 7062601 is a potent Ucp1 inducer that promotes endogenous Ucp1 expression in primary mouse brown adipocytes.AST 7062601 may be useful in the study of obesity.

M617 acetate is a selective agonist of galanin receptor 1 (GAL1). M617 acetate acts through central GAL1, promotes GLUT4 expression, and enhances GLUT4 content in the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. The Ki values are 0.23 and 5.71 nM for GAL1 and GAL2, respectively.

Nothofagin has antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities, it possesses anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting hyperpermeability, expression of CAMs, and adhesion and migration of leukocytes, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a therapy for vascular inflammatory diseases.

HS 014 acetate is a potent and selective melanocortin MC4 receptor antagonist (Ki values are 3.16, 108, 54.4 and 694 nM for cloned human MC4, MC1, MC3 and MC5 receptors respectively). Increases food intake in rats and nociception in mice following central

inS3-54-A26 is an inhibitor of the DNA-binding domain of STAT3. inS3-54-A26 suppresses tumor growth, metastasis and the gene expression of STAT3.

AVE-9488 is a novel endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enhancer that upregulates eNOS expression, induces NO production, and may ameliorate portal hypertension.

SBI993 is an analog of SBI-477 and can be used as a biomarker to confirm the expected action of MondoA target gene expression in vivo. SBI993 reduces muscle TAG levels and hepatic steatosis.

TAT 14 acetate, a 14-mer peptide, is an Nrf2 activator with anti-inflammatory properties. TAT 14 acetate increases Nrf2 protein levels due to targeting the Nrf2 binding site on Keap1, but has no effect on Nrf2 mRNA expression.

h-NTPDase8-IN-1 is a specific aminosulfonylbenzamide inhibitor of h-NTPDases8 (IC 50 = 0.28 ± 0.07 μM). h-NTPDase8-IN-1 can be used to study diseases brought about by aberrant h -NTPDase expression.

cephalandole B, an indole alkaloid isolated from cyanide, significantly inhibited IL-17A gene expression and suppressed IL-17A luciferase reporter in Jukat cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Foxy-5 Ammonium Salt is a WNT5A agonist, a mimetic peptide of WNT5A, a non-classical member of the Wnt family.Foxy-5 Ammonium Salt triggers cytoplasmic free calcium signaling without affecting β-catenin activation and inhibits migration and invasion of epithelial cancer cells.Foxy-5 Foxy-5 Ammonium Salt effectively reduces the metastatic spread of prostate cancer cells with low WNT5A expression in an in situ mouse model.

4-methoxylonchocarpin was isolated from the roots of Abrus precatorius as a potent anti-inflammatory compound. 4-methoxylonchocarpin inhibited NF-κB-activated TNF expression by inhibiting the binding of LPS to TLR4 in macrophages and suppressed TNBS-induced colitis in mice.

GGTI 2147 decreased Rac1 activity, down-regulated p65 expression, and ameliorated OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis.

H1k is an eudistomin Y fluorescent derivative and lysosome-targeted antiproliferative agent that dose-dependently increases autophagy signalling and down-regulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) and cyclin B1.

Abaperidone is a potent 5-HT2A receptor and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 6.2 for 5-HT2A receptors and 17 nM for dopamine D2 receptors.Abaperidone is a potentially atypical anti-psychotropic compound that reduces basal hsp70 mRNA expression in rat striatum and prefrontal cortex. expression in the striatum and prefrontal cortex of rats.

Questiomycin A derivatives 18 TFA is A Questiomycin A derivative with antibacterial and anticancer activity and inhibition of the expression of the cell-protective ER chaperone protein GRP78.

L-797,591 hydrochloride is active for somatostatin receptor isoform 1 (SSTR1). L-797,591 hydrochloride is commonly used in combination with AG1478 to enhance p-ERK5 expression in SSTR1 cells. L-797,591 hydrochloride significantly enhanced p38 phosphorylation in cotransfected cells, and this effect was reversed in combination with AG1478.

PLH1215 is a compound that can be used to regulate, limit, or inhibit the expression of AVIL (advillin), which can be used to treat cancer.

Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17 Acetate is a small peptide. It promotes the delivery of key ingredients, thus effectively promoting the growth of eyelashes, lengthens and thickens the eyelashes, fortifies the hair, and noticeably intensifies eye expression.