2-hydroxybenzoic acid sodium

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity, catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. It binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

Sodium salicylate (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt), a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid, can inhibit NF-kB and reduce oxidative stress.

2-Hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoic acid (6-Methoxysalicylic acid) may be employed as internal standard for the determination of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, ASA) and its major metabolite, salicylic acid (SA),and exhibits significant analgesic effects

3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-amino-4-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid) is a useful research chemical.

Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (Minaline) was first identified as a degradation product of sialic acids, then as a derivative of the oxidation of the D-hydroxyproline isomers by mammalian D-amino acid oxidase. The latter relationship results from the lability of the direct oxidation product, A'-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylic acid, which loses water spontaneously to form the pyrrole. A similar reaction is catalyzed by the more specific allohydroxy-D-proline oxidase of Pseudomonas. In whole animal observations, pyrrole-2-carboxylate (PCA) ' was identified in rat or human urine after administration of the D-isomers of hydroxyproline, a finding ascribable to the action of D-amino acid oxidase. Urinary excretion of N-(pyrrole-2-carboxyl) glycine has been reported in a 5-year-old affected with type II hyperprolinemia; The child has mild developmental delay, recurrent seizures of the grand mal type and EEG alterations.

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid) is a metabolite of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE may be obtained through environmental exposure. MTBE is rapidly eliminated from the body, mainly through expired air as the unchanged compound. MTBE is to some extent metabolised to t-butyl alcohol (TBA) and formaldehyde and oxidised to 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and a-hydroxy isobuturic acid. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has been used as an arial bactericide.

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (2-Hydroxy-p-anisic Acid) is a predicted metabolite generated by BioTransformer1 that is produced by the metabolism of 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid. It is generated by unspecified-gutmicro enzyme via a beta-oxidation-of-carbxoylic-acid reaction. This beta-oxidation-of-carbxoylic-acid occurs in human gut microbiota.

2-Hydroxystearic acid is a hydroxy fatty acid found in humans and U. armoricana. It reduces the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 100 μM.

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive component in vivo, thus contributing to the immune regulatory role of fruits and herbs.

2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product isolated from Angraecum fragrans, has photooxidant activity.

1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (ALPHA-HYDROXYNAPHTHOIC ACID) is a Metabolite from phenanthrene degradation.

2-Furoic acid (Furan-2-carboxylic acid) reduces serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and exhibits anti-lipidemic effects.

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, a plasma metabolite, is highly sensitive and specific and can be used as a bioindicator to differentiate non-small cell carcinoma patients from healthy controls.

2-METHYLVALERIC ACID is a natural product.

Glycocholic Acid Sodium Salt (Sodium Glycocholate) is a conjugated bile salt and ionic biologic detergent. It is involved in the emulsification of fats.

(E)-Oct-2-enoic acid (2-Octenoate) is an organic acid produced by hepatic microsomal oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes and is a metabolite naturally present in urine and plasma.

Ferulic acid sodium (Sodium ferulic), the sodium salt of ferulic acid, is a drug used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to prevent thrombosis.

1. 2-Methoxycinnamic acid (o-Methoxycinnamic acid) can enhance inhibition of tyrosinase activity.

(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium ((R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a chiral precursor that can be used to synthesize biodegradable PHB and its copolyesters. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium can be used as a nutrient in plants.

3-Indoleacetic acid sodium (Heteroauxin sodium salt) is a naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. It can stimulate cell elongation and division, promoting plant growth and development. However, at high concentrations, it exhibits growth inhibiting effects, including epinasty and prevention of shoot and root growth. This latter effect formed the basis for which synthetic auxins were developed as herbicides and bioregulators in agriculture.

2-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase inhibitor (Ki:500 μM). 3-Hydroxymandelic acid is a protein hydrolysis product of larger proteins.

Isethionic acid sodium salt (Sodium isethionate) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group. Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize Isethionic acid sodium salt via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process. Isethionic acid sodium salt can be found in both human plasma and urine. Higher plasma levels of Isethionic acid sodium salt have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Cholic acid sodium (SodiumCholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity.

2-Methylhexanoic acid is a flavouring ingredient.

L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid ((2S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid) is a toxic proline analogue produced by members of the Liliaceae and Agavaciae families.

Produced in the gut microflora as one of the three main metabolites formed from the catechin diet. Its use in the production of glycol benzoates for the application of plasticizer in adhesive formulations is increasing. It is also used in the manufacture

2-Phenylbutanoic acid (2-Phenylbutyric acid) is used as an industrial intermediate.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hydroxybenzoate) is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols. It could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg mL.

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Vitamin C sodium salt) is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.

Fusidic acid sodium salt (SQ-16360) is a sodium salt form of fusidic acid, a bacteriostatic antibiotic derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum and used as a topical medication to treat skin infections.

2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid (2-Hydroxycaproic acid) is a branched-chain alpha-keto acid that has been reported in normal human blood and in normal amniotic fluid. It has been found that 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is the most significant metabolite found in the CSF of patients infected with Nocardia.

2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid is an unusual metabolite found in the urine of patients with 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and maple syrup urine disease.

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium Ursodeoxycholate) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors,

Phytic acid sodium salt (Sodium phytate hydrate) is known to function as a [PO4]3- storage depot and a precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. It is a potent chelator of divalent and trivalent cations in vitro.

Usnic Acid sodium is a natual product.

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) is a carboxylic acid that is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid often binds to toxic substances to facilitate elimination and to hormones to aid in their transport.

trans-2-Undecenoic acid ((E)-Undec-2-enoic acid) ((E)-2-Undecenoic acid) is an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid characterized by acid dimers.

(E)-2-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid, characterized by its sweet berry-like aroma and flavor, is widely utilized in food flavoring.

(E)-2-Butenoic acid (Crotonic acid) is fatty acid formed by the action of fatty acid synthases from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors. Crotonic acid is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Crotonic acid is also found in water extracts from carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.).

Hyaluronic acid sodium (Sodium Hyaluronate) is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans in that it is nonsulfated, forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi, and can be very large, with its molecular weight often reaching the millions. One of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and may also be involved in the progression of some malignant tumors.

(Z)-4-Amino-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid (Maleamic acid) is a valuable compound for research applications.

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium deoxycholate) can activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

2-Methylheptanoic Acid is a flavouring ingredient.

2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) can be found in a number of food items such as natal plum, lemon verbena, half-highbush blueberry, and parsley, which makes 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine.

2-Methyl-4-pentenoic Acid (2-Methylpent-4-enoic acid) is a branched-chain fatty acid.

(R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (D-Pyroglutamic acid) is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid, physiologically present in mammalian tissues. It releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and exhibits anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in rats. In clinical pharmacology experiments, it significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication.

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is an abnormal metabolite, a neurotoxin and a metabolic toxin.

2-Deoxy-2-sulfoamino-D-glucose sodium (GlcN-2S) can potentially influence arthritis.