2-phospho-l-ascorbic acid trisodium

L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (Sodium ascorbyl phosphate) is utilized in biocatalytic dephosphorylation for electric power generation and electrochemical detection assays.

Quinaldic acid is an endogenous metabolite.Quinaldic acid is a metal chelator.

(2-Aminoethyl)phosphonic acid (2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid) is primarily detected in urine. (2-Aminoethyl)phosphonic acid participates in many enzymatic reactions and is also the parent compound of other transformation products, including but not limited to ceramide 2-(methylamino)ethylphosphonate, N-(2-phosphineethyl)cholamide and CMP-2-aminoethylphosphonate.

L-Pyroglutamic acid (pidolic acid), a cyclized derivative of the L-GLUTAMIC ACID, can elevate blood levels. This function may be associated with problems of GLUTATHIONE or GLUTAMINE metabolism.

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.

Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (Phthalic Acid Monooctyl Ester) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17. The Cyp17a1 gene is specifically targeted by MEHP, explaining the MEHP-induced suppression of steroidogenesis observed.

2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium (AKG) is a key molecule in the TCA cycle. It can be produced from glutamate by oxidative deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase and as a product of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination reactions (mediated by branched-chain amino acid transaminases) in which glutamate is a common amino donor.

2-Methoxybenzoic acid (o-Anisic acid) is a novel antiemetic which prevents nausea and vomiting in humans.

2-Ketoglutaric acid is a key molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle,is also connected to glutamic acid and glutamine metabolisms through the transamination reactions.

2-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid (2-Sulfoaniline) is a useful research chemical.

L-Pipecolic acid (L-Homoproline) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

2-Methylhexanoic acid is a flavouring ingredient.

N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid (Ac-L-Glu-OH) (NAcGlu) is an acetylated amino acid. NAcGlu is biosynthesized from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme N-acetyl glutamate synthase (NAGS). NAcGlu activates carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in the urea cycle. A deficiency in N-acetyl glutamate synthase or a genetic mutation in the gene coding for the enzyme will lead to urea cycle failure in which ammonia is not converted to urea, but rather accumulated in the blood leading to the condition called Type I hyperammonemia.

L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid ((2S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid) is a toxic proline analogue produced by members of the Liliaceae and Agavaciae families.

2-Phenylbutanoic acid (2-Phenylbutyric acid) is used as an industrial intermediate.

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Vitamin C sodium salt) is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.

2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid (2-Hydroxycaproic acid) is a branched-chain alpha-keto acid that has been reported in normal human blood and in normal amniotic fluid. It has been found that 2-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is the most significant metabolite found in the CSF of patients infected with Nocardia.

2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid is an unusual metabolite found in the urine of patients with 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and maple syrup urine disease.

L-Aspartic acid (Aspatofort) is a non-essential amino acid in humans, L-Aspartic acid has an overall negative charge and plays an important role in the synthesis of other amino acids and in the citric acid and urea cycles. Asparagine, arginine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine, and some nucleotides are synthesized from aspartic acid. L-Aspartic acid also serves as a neurotransmitter.

trans-2-Undecenoic acid ((E)-Undec-2-enoic acid) ((E)-2-Undecenoic acid) is an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid characterized by acid dimers.

(E)-2-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid, characterized by its sweet berry-like aroma and flavor, is widely utilized in food flavoring.

(E)-2-Butenoic acid (Crotonic acid) is fatty acid formed by the action of fatty acid synthases from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors. Crotonic acid is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Crotonic acid is also found in water extracts from carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.).

(Z)-4-Amino-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid (Maleamic acid) is a valuable compound for research applications.

2-Methylheptanoic Acid is a flavouring ingredient.

2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) can be found in a number of food items such as natal plum, lemon verbena, half-highbush blueberry, and parsley, which makes 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine.

2-Methyl-4-pentenoic Acid (2-Methylpent-4-enoic acid) is a branched-chain fatty acid.

(R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (D-Pyroglutamic acid) is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid, physiologically present in mammalian tissues. It releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and exhibits anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in rats. In clinical pharmacology experiments, it significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication.

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is an abnormal metabolite, a neurotoxin and a metabolic toxin.

L-Lactic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid) is a natural product produced by the anaerobic glycolysis of pyruvic acid. L-Lactic acid is a sensitive indicator of tissue hypoxia and can be used as a hemodynamic indicator in critically ill patients.

L-Cysteic acid monohydrate (3-Sulfo-L-alanine Monohydrate) is an oxidation product of L-cysteine that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems. L-Cysteic acid monohydrate is used in monomeric surfactant development. L-Cysteic acid monohydrate may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors. It is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (D-Proline) is an isomer of the naturally occurring amino acid L-Proline. D-amino acids, including D-Proline, are found in relatively high abundance in human plasma and saliva, potentially originating from bacterial sources or endogenous production via amino acid racemase activity.

2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid (Citrulline) exists in the liver, is not a protein component, is an important intermediate in the human urea cycle, can be combined with ornithine, arginine to treat hyperammonemia.

4,4'-Disulfanediylbis(2-aminobutanoic acid) (DL-Homocystine) is the double-bonded form of homocysteine that occurs transiently before being converted to harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfide account for over 98% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals.

L-aspartic acid potasium salt（VX-548） is an amino acid widely found in plants and animals.L-aspartic acid potasium salt drives the production of nitrogen oxides, which promotes phagocytosis and contributes to fish survival.L-aspartic acid potasium salt may stimulate antibiotics. The stimulatory effect may be related to precursors involved in aspartic acid-4-semialdehyde biosynthesis.

2-Acetylbenzoic acid is more potent than 2-propionyloxybenzoic acid in inhibiting platelet function and platelet prostaglandin (PG) synthesis although the potencies of these agents were comparable in inhibiting prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis.

3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid is a cosmetic tyrosinase inhibitor with whitening ability and is a stabilized vitamin C derivative. It also has antioxidant properties.

Trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (3-Hexenedioic Acid) is a normal human unsaturated dicarboxylic acid metabolite with increased excretion in patients with Dicarboxylic aciduria caused by fatty acid metabolism disorders The urinary excretion of Trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid is increased in conditions of augmented mobilization of fatty acids or inhibited fatty acid oxidation.

3-Methylbut-2-enoic acid (Senecioic acid) appears in the urine of patients with 3-Methylcrotonic aciduria, which is a disorder characterized by urine that contains increased amounts of 3-methylcrotonic acid.

(S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (L-(−)-3-Phenyllactic acid) is a chiral aromatic compound involved in phenylalanine metabolism. It is likely produced from phenylpyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase. The D-form is derived from bacterial sources, while the L-form is endogenous. Phenyllactate levels are normally very low in blood or urine, but high levels indicate phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). PKU is due to a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), causing phenylalanine to convert to phenylpyruvic acid rather than tyrosine.

2-Ethylbutyric acid is an internal standard that can be used in calibration methods for VFA analytical standards for feces.

3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid (2-Oxoisovaleric acid) is an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a keto-acid, which is a subclass of organic acids. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis.

L-Tartaric acid ((2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid) occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. It is used as an antioxidant. Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates. L-Tartaric acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.

2-Methylpentanedioic acid (alpha-Methylglutarate) is an organic acid normally found in human urine, in healthy adults and children. 2-Methylpentanedioic acid (alpha-Methylglutarate) is a metabolite of succinic acid, a citric acid cycle intermediate.

2-Hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoic acid (6-Methoxysalicylic acid) may be employed as internal standard for the determination of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, ASA) and its major metabolite, salicylic acid (SA),and exhibits significant analgesic effects

Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (Minaline) was first identified as a degradation product of sialic acids, then as a derivative of the oxidation of the D-hydroxyproline isomers by mammalian D-amino acid oxidase. The latter relationship results from the lability of the direct oxidation product, A'-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylic acid, which loses water spontaneously to form the pyrrole. A similar reaction is catalyzed by the more specific allohydroxy-D-proline oxidase of Pseudomonas. In whole animal observations, pyrrole-2-carboxylate (PCA) ' was identified in rat or human urine after administration of the D-isomers of hydroxyproline, a finding ascribable to the action of D-amino acid oxidase. Urinary excretion of N-(pyrrole-2-carboxyl) glycine has been reported in a 5-year-old affected with type II hyperprolinemia; The child has mild developmental delay, recurrent seizures of the grand mal type and EEG alterations.

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid) is a metabolite of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE may be obtained through environmental exposure. MTBE is rapidly eliminated from the body, mainly through expired air as the unchanged compound. MTBE is to some extent metabolised to t-butyl alcohol (TBA) and formaldehyde and oxidised to 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and a-hydroxy isobuturic acid. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has been used as an arial bactericide.

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (2-Hydroxy-p-anisic Acid) is a predicted metabolite generated by BioTransformer1 that is produced by the metabolism of 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid. It is generated by unspecified-gutmicro enzyme via a beta-oxidation-of-carbxoylic-acid reaction. This beta-oxidation-of-carbxoylic-acid occurs in human gut microbiota.

O-Phospho-L-serine (Phosphoserine) is the phosphoric acid ester of serine.